Pressburg, Treaty. 1805. Austria loses in Napoleonic Wars. Cedes land to France.

Pretoria Convention. 1881. Transvaal self-government under British suzerainty.

Pretorius, Andries. 1798-1853. Boer leader of Great Trek. Aided in Transvaal independence.

Pretorius, Marthinus. 1819-1901. First president of South African Republic 1857-71, president. Orange Free State 1859-64.

Prim y Prats, Juan. 1814-70. Spanish. Helped overthrow Isabella 1868.

Prime Minister. =Premier. Head of parliamentary government under the head of state (monarch or president). Walpole (1721-42) considered first British Prime Minister. Richelieu 1624 France. Chancellor.

Primitivism. Naive art by primitive peoples, children, or as an adopted style. Rousseau. Grandma Moses.

Primo de Rivera, Miguel. 1879-1930. Spanish fascist dictator 1923- by coup. Ended Moroccan War 1927.

Primogeniture. Right of eldest son to inherit. Prevented dilution of wealth of aristocracy.

Prince Rupert’s Land. Hudson Bay drainage area, NW Territory.

Prior, Matthew. 1664-1721. English epigrammist/poet: City Mouse and the Country Mouse.

Privateers. 13-19C. Pirates licensed by letters of marque to plunder enemy vessels. Drake. Hawkins.

Profumo Affair. 1963. British War Minister Profumo and Christine Keeler, who also associated with Soviet attaché. Embarassed government.

Progressive Bloc. 1915-17. Russian liberals urging reforms.

Progressive Party. 1912,24 Dissident US Republicans. 1948 Dissident Democrats.

Prohibition. 1920-33. US 18th Amendment. Alcoholic drinks illegal. Repealed by 21st. Temperance Movement.

Prokofiev, Sergei. 1891-1953. Russian Romantic opera and symphony composer, pianist. Strong folk element. Peter and the Wolf 1936.

Protagoras. c485-411BC. First Greek Sophist. “Man is the measure of all things”. “Truth is subjective to each person”. Exiled c415-.

Protectorate. Sovereign state with agreement for protection from stronger state.

Protectorate. 1653-9. English government after Civil War by Instrument of Government. Cromwell.

Proudhon, Pierre. 1809-65. French Anarchist Socialist: “Property is theft.”-What is Property? 1840. “Government is the Scourge of God”. Systèmes des Contradictions Économiques 1846.

Proust, Marcel. 1871-1922. French novelist: Remembrance of Things Past 1914.

Provençale. Southern French dialect of Occitan. Mistral.

Provence. 6C BC Greeks settle. 121BC Rome. 5C Visigoth/Burgundy...Ostrogoth. 6C Frank. 1246 Angevin. 1486 France.

Prud’hommes, Councils. Medieval French trade tribunals revived by Napoleon.

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