Levellers. 1645-50. English Civil War republican democratic party. Sought religious, political equality and end to monarchy.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1908-. Belgian/French ethnologist. Theory of Symbolic Structures: Mythologiques 1964-8.

Lexington and Concord, Battle. 1775. First American Revolution battle. British march on Concord supply depot. Established guerilla warfare as colonist strategy. 273 British, 95 Americans killed. Paul Revere.

L’Hôpital, Michel de. 1505-73. French statesman, urged tolerance during the Wars of Religion.

Liberal Party. 1832. British Social reform, free trade, Irish Home Rule. 1867 Canada. 1944 Australia.

Liberalism. 19C. Movement for freedom of the individual, democracy. Bentham. Mill. Spencer. 20C. Movement to free individuals from economic restraint by social welfare programs.

Liberalism, Economic. 19C. Striving for personal profits and liberty. Manchester School. Cobden.

Liberalism, Theological. 17C. Religious inquiry based on reason vs authority.

Liberty, Statue of. 1886. Bartholdi sculpture. Gift from France.

Liberty Bell. 1753. Independence Hall, Philadelphia. Cracked 1835.

Libraries. 1700BC Chaldean. 540BC Athens. 284BC Alexandria. 167 Rome. 355 Constantinople. 1446 Vatican. 1520 Paris. 1757 British Museum. 1598 Oxford Bodleian. 1653 Manchester, First free public. 1800 US Library of Congress.

Libya. 7C BC Phoenician, Carthage, Greek colonies. 46BC Rome. 476 Vandal(W). 534 Byzantine 647 Arab. 1551 Ottoman. 1911 Italian colony. 1943 British/French 1950 Independent Kingdom. 1969 Qaddafi coup. Terrorism. Lockerbie.

Lie, Trygve. 1896-1968. Norwegian. First UN Secretary General, 1946-52.

Liebig, Justus von. 1808-73. German chemist. Analysis of organic compounds, 1831. Agricultural chemistry, 1841. Chloroform 1831.

Liebknecht, Wilhelm. 1826-1900. German Socialist. Founded Social Democratic Labour Party, 1869.

Liechtenstein. 5C Alemanni. Franks. 1342 Independent. 1396 HRE. 1719 Principality «HRE. 1806 Rhine Confederation.1815 German Confederation. 1852 Customs Union with Austria 1923 Customs Union with Switzerland.

Ligures. 1000BC People of S. France.

Lima Declaration. 1938. W. Hemisphere solidarity vs Fascist threat.

Limburg, Pol, Herman and Jehanequin. c1835-c1416. Dutch Gothic illuminators. Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry 1416.

Limon von Sanders, Otto. 1855-1929. German general. Led Turks at Galipoli.

Lin Piao. 1907-71. Chinese Communist. general, political leader. Died after coup attempt.

Linacre, Thomas. 1460-1524. English physician, translator of Galen.

Lincoln, Abraham. 1809-65. US Republican president 1861-. Civil War. Gettysburg. Emancipation Proclamation. Assassinated. Booth.

Lincoln, Battle. 1217. Henry III defeats nobles supporting Louis VIII of France.

Linear A. 1700BC Undeciphered Cretan script.

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