Judah. Son of Jacob. Led 1 of 12 Tribes of Israel to Judah.

Judaism. Monotheistic religion founded by Abraham, who had covenant with God. Branches include: Orthodox. 19C-. Rigorous adherence to original Jewish Law; Rabbinic. 70-18C. Priest replaced by Rabbi. Sacrifice...Study of Torah. Temple...Synagogue; Reform. 19C. Modern liberal interpretation of Judaism. Hasidism. Mishna. Moses.

Judas Iscariot. c30. Apostle who betrayed Jesus. Suicide.

Jude, St. Apostle of Jesus. Martyred in Persia.

Judicial. Branch of US government. Supreme and lower courts can invalidate Acts of Congress.

Judith. Jewish heroine. Killed Holofernes, Nebuchadnezzar’s general.

Julian Calendar. 45BC-1582. Julius Caesar’s 90 day correction to calendar. Changed to 365.25 day year. Corrected by Gregory. Christian Era.

Julian Era. 45BC to present.

Julian the Apostate. 331-63. Roman Emperor 361-. Proclaimed religious toleration. Attempted to make Paganism the state religion.

Julius II. 1443-1513. Pope 1503-. Joined Holy League vs France. Patron of Michelangelo, Raphael. Swiss Guards.

July Conspiracy. Stauffenberg.

July Ordinances. 1830. Charles X attempts to censor press and alter electoral process causing July Revolution.

July Revolution. 1830. France. Thiers. Charles X abdicates and flees to England. Louis-Philippe ascends. Caused by July Ordinances.

Juno. Roman goddess of women and marriage. = Hera. Frigg.

Junta. Emergency administrative council. Often after an overthrow of existing government.

Jutland, Battle. 1916. Jellicoe’s indecisive attempt to trap German fleet.

Ka’bah. Shrine in Great Mosque. Moslem Hijrah pilgrimage objective. Contains Black Stone of Mecca given to Adam to absorb his sins. Kidnaped 930-950.

Kadet. 1905-17. Russian moderate party in Duma.

Kafka, Franz. 1883-1924. Czech introspective writer. Alienation of modern man. The Trial 1925. The Castle 1926. Published posthumously.

Kahlo, Frida. 1907-54. Mexican painter in brilliant colors. Self portraits. Rivera.

Kalidasa. 5C. Indian dramatist. Sakuntala.

Kaliningrad. 1946- On site of Königsberg, destroyed 1945. Russian enclave surrounded by Poland, Lithuania.

Kamakura. 1192-1333. Japanese Shogunate dynasty. Zen. Introduced No Theater. Joei. Hojo. Daigo II.

Kamenev, Lev. 1883-1936. Russian Bolshevik leader in Triumvirate with Stalin, Zinoviev, 1922-. Executed in Purge.

Kämpfer, Engelbert. 1651-1716. Travels 1690 to Japan source of valuable info.

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