Houdon, Jean. 1741-1828. French portrait sculptor. Diderot 1771. Diana 1777.

Howe, Julia. 1819-1910. US suffragette author: Battle Hymn of the Republic.

Hu Yaobang. 1915-89. Liberal Chinese Communist Party chairman. Death led to Tiananmen demonstrations.

Hudaybiyah, Pact of al-. 628. Muhammad and followers allowed into Mecca for pilgrimage. Hijrah.

Hudson’s Bay Company. 1670-. England. Explored Canada. Sought NW passage. Trading posts. Fur trade. Monopoly 1821-58. Seven Oaks Massacre.

Hugo, Victor. 1802-85. French Romantic poet/writer. Notre Dame 1831. Les Misérables 1862. Exiled 1852-70.

Huguenots. 1510-18C. Persecuted French Calvinist Protestants. 300,000 expelled 1685. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Wars of Religion. Edict of Nantes. Henry of Navarre. Declaration of Rights of Man, 1789.

Hull, Cordell. 1871-1955. US Secretary of State. UN founder. Trade agreements.

Human Rights. Agreed natural rights for all mankind. Stoics. Declaration of the Rights of Man 1789. Bill of Rights 1791. Buisson. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. Amnesty International.

Humanism. 14C-. Philosophy. Mankind at the center of consciousness. Mankind can live ethically without recourse to the supernatural. Belief in personal worth of individual. Rational, creative. Petrarch.

Humble Petition. 1657. English Constitution of Protectorate. Cromwell as Lord Protector.

Humboldt, Alexander von. 1769-1859. German naturalist, ecologist.

Hume, David. 1711-76. Scottish empiricist philosopher and historian: On Human Nature 1739. Free-will. Behaviour results from innate character. God cannot be proved by reason, but we must believe in Him.

Hundred Days. 1815. March 20 to July 8; Napoleon’s escape from Elba to his second abdication. 1933. Began Roosevelt’s administration. New Deal enacted.

Hungarian Uprising. 1703-11. Ferenc Rákóczi II led vs Hapsburg centralism. No real change achieved. 1956. Student-led revolt crushed by Russian troops. Kádár puppet government established. Nagy executed.

Hungary. Celts, Ilyrians. Pannonia. 14BC Rome. Germans, Asians. c600 Avars. c800 Franks. 892-1301 Arpad-Magyars. 1001 Christian monarch. 1241 Mongols invade. 1526 Turks invade. 1664 Ottoman 1699 Hapsburg. 1848-9 Republic. 1866 Dual Monarchy. 1918 Republic. 1949 People’s Republic. 1990 Democratic.

Hunkers. 1840s. NY Democrats vs Barnburners.

Huns. Nomadic peoples of Central Asia who invaded Europe in 4-5C. Attila. Defeated at Châlons-sur-Marne, 451.

Hunt, William. 1827-1910. British Pre-Raphaelite painter.

Hussein, Saddam. 1937-. Iraqi Ba’ath dictator 1979-. Iran-Iraq War. Gulf War.

Hussein ibn Talal. 1935-99. Moderate Jordanian king 1953-. Israel Peace Treaty 1994.

Hussite Wars. 1415-36. Huss followers vs HRE for religious reform and Bohemian nationalism. Utraquists.

Hutton, James. 1726-97. Scot. geologist. Uniformitarianism 1785. Defined eras 1788.

Huxley, Aldous. 1894-1963. English philosophical novelist: Brave New World 1932.

Hydra. Many-headed water serpent killed by Hercules.

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