Gobineau, Joseph. 1816-82. Rationalized anti-semitism and Aryan supremacy. Essay on Inequality of Human Races 1353-5.

Godoy, Manuel de. 1767-1851. Spanish Prime Minister 1792~1808. Battle of Trafalgar and Fontainebleau Treaty.

Godwin, William. 1756-1836. English atheist philosopher, author. Anarchism. Cooperation is evil. Things as they Are 1794.

Goebbels, Joseph. 1897-1945. Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda 1933-. Suicide.

Goethe, Johann. 1749-1832. German writer: Meister’s Apprenticeship 1796. Faust 1808-32. Memories 1809. Sturm und Drang.

Golan Heights. 1967 Israel seizes fr Syria. 1973 UN buffer zone. 1981 Israel annexes.

Gold Rush. 1550 Bohemia. 1849 California. 1851 Australia. 1880s Rhodesia. 1886 South Africa. 1897 Klondike.

Gold Standard. 1821-1937. Definition of national currencies in terms of gold purchasing power. Ended: 1931 Britain, 1933 USA, 1936 France. Friedman. Bretton Woods.

Golden Gate Bridge. 1937. San Francisco.

Golden Hind. Drake’s flagship; only one to finish circumnavigation.

Golden Spurs, Battle. 1302. Courtrai, Belgium. Flemish craftsmen defeat French troops.

Golding, William. 1911-93. English morality novelist. Lord of the Flies 1954.

Goldoni, Carlo. 1707-93. Italian dramatist. Realistic comedy.

Gomorrah. Licentious city destroyed by God. Sodom.

Goncalves Dias, Antonio. 1823-64. Romantic “National” poet of Brazil.

Goncourt, Edmond. 1822-96. French novelist. Renée Mauperin. Created Goncourt literature prize.

Gongora, Luis de. 1561-1627. Spanish poet. Flowery style.

Gordon, Charles. 1833-85. British colonial administrator in Sudan, China. Taiping Rebellion.

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Gothic Art. 13C-. Church sculpture, illuminated manuscripts. Less idealized than Classical. Emotions portrayed.

Gottfried von Strassbourg. 13C. German poet. Tristan and Isolde.

Gowon, Yakubu. 1934-. Ruled Nigeria 1966-75. Defeated Biafra. Reunited country.

Goya, Francisco. 1746-1828. Spanish painter and engraver of macabre. Horrors of War 1811.

Gracchus, Tiberius. c163-133BC. Roman tribune 133, reformer. Killed in riot. Scipio.

Graces. Three beautiful attendants of Aphrodite. Aglaia, brightness. Euphrosyne, joy. Thalia, bloom.

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