Franco-Russian Alliance. Dual Alliance.

Franconia. 843-. Nucleus of E Frankish kingdom. Duke = First elected German king Conrad I.

Frank, Anne. 1929-45. German Jew in Amsterdam. 2 yrs in hiding from Nazis. Diary 1947.

Frankfurt, Treaty. 1871. Ended Franco-Prussian War. France paid indemnity, gave up Alsace-Lorraine.

Frankfurt Assembly. 1848-9. Adopted constitution, basis of North German Confederation 1867.

Frankish Kingdom, East. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern Germany.

Frankish Kingdom, West. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern France. Franks.

Franklin, Benjamin. 1706-90. US author, scientist, revolutionary leader. Poor Richard’s Almanac 1732-57. Franklin Stove 1744. Lightning rod 1752. Bifocals 1784.

Franklin, John. 1786-1847. English explorer. Sought NW Pasage 1819-22.

Franks. Germanic tribes invaded France, 3-5C. Clovis. Frankish.

Franz. =Francis.

Fraunhofer, Joseph von. 1787-1826. German. Mapped spectral lines 1814-.

Frederick II. The Great. 1712-86. Powerful Prussian king. Siezed Silesia from Austria. Patron of Arts. Liberal internal reforms.

Free French. French vs Germany after fall of France 1940. Opp. by Vichy government. DeGaulle.

Free Trade. International commerce free from duties, government restriction or discrimination. Smith.

Freemasons. Secret fraternal organization based on guilds, chivalry, religious orders. 1717 London Grand Lodge.

Frelimo. 1964-74. Mozambique liberation movement vs Portugal.

French Academy. Académie Française.

French Community. 1958-. France + Overseas departments + former territories.

French East India Company. 1664-1770. To protect French trade interests in India.

French Equatorial Africa. 1839 French settle. 1910 French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Central African Republic + Independent Chad, Gabon, Congo.

French Guiana. 1604 French settle. 1809 France/Portugal. 1816 French. 1852-1946 Penal colonies. Devil’s Is.

French-Indian Wars. 1754-63. North American part of Seven Years War. France loses all possessions in Canada to Britain.

French Revolutionary Wars. 1792-1802. France vs European powers who opposed Revolution. Napoleonic Wars. Coalition. Pillnitz.

French Union. 1946-58. France + Protectorates + overseas Territories. French Community.

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