Marcion. 144. Founded heretical sect with 2 Gods: imperfect Old Testament God and Jesus’ merciful God.

Mareth Line. 1943. Rommel’s defensive line in Tunisia.

Margaret. 1353-1412. Queen of Denmark, Norway, Sweden. Formed Kalmar Union 1397.

Margaret. Maid of Norway. 1283-90. Queen of Scotland 1286-. Betrothed to son of Edward I. Death led to England claiming Scotland, Civil War 1290-1314. Robert the Bruce.

Margaret of Anjou. 1430-82. Q consort to Henry VI. Led Lancastrians in War of Roses.

María Cristina II. 1858-1929. Spanish queen consort. As regent, 1885-1902, lost Spanish American War.

Maria Luisa. 1751-1819. Spanish queen to Charles IV. With lover Godoy, ruined Spain’s finances.

Mariamne. 57-29BC. Herod Antipas’ wife. Executed for adultery on Salome’s accusation.

Marie Antoinette. 1755-93. Daughter of Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Queen Consort to Louis XVI. Guillotined for seeking US aid vs French Revolution. -“Let them eat cake”.

Marie de Medici. 1573-1642. Queen consort to Henry IV, mother of Louis XIII. Regent 1610-14. Built Luxembourg Palace. Opposed Richelieu. Banished 1630. Died penniless.

Marie Thérèse. 1638-83. Queen Consort to Louis XIV. Daughter of Philip IV. Unpaid dowry caused War of Devolution.

Marignano, Battle. 1515. French defeat Swiss mercenaries, conquer Milan.

Mariotte, Edme. 1620-84. French physicist. Law of compressibility of gases 1676, =Boyle’s Law.

Mark’s, St. 902-1484. Venice church and campanile.

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. 1650-1722. English general vs Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession. Blenheim. Malplaquet. Ramillies.

Marquess. (Marquis). Second rank of British peerage.

Marquette, Jacques. 1637-75. French explorer of Mississippi, 1673. Joliet.

Married Women’s Property Act. 1882. UK. Abolished women’s property passing automatically to husband on marriage.

Marshall Plan. 1948-52. European Recovery Program. US supplied $12B goods, loans, grants. Rejected by COMECON as ’dollar imperialism’.

Marsilius of Padua. c1282-1343. Italian political philosopher. -“political power comes from the people”.

Marxism. Official dogma of Communism. Dialectical Materialism. “Perfect economic system will not require political state.” Marx. Engels. Value is based on labour. Maoism. Leninism.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Mary II. 1662-94. Queen of England with William III, 1689-. Expelled her father, James II.

Mary Stuart. 1542-87. Queen of Scots 1542-67. Abdicated. Married Francis II. Queen of France 1559-60. Married Darnley 1565. Married Bothwell 1567, causing Scottish Revolt. Beheaded with Babington by Elizabeth I. Mother of James I.

Matisse, Henri. 1869-1954. French painter in Fauvist style. Coined “cubism” 1908. Red Studio 1911.

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