Totila. -552. Ostrogoth king. Reconquered Italy.

Tour d’Argent. Paris restaurant where Henry IV learned the use of the fork.

Toussaint L’Ouverture, Francois. c1743-1803. Haitian rebel. Helped French expel Britain, Spain. Emancipated slaves. Established black governed French protectorate.

Tov. Ba’al Shem-Tov.

Trade Disputes Act. 1906. British unions immune from suits against members’ activities.

Trafalgar, Battle. 1805. Nelson’s victory over the French and Spanish fleets. British naval superiority secured. Nelson killed. Ends Napoleon’s plans to invade England.

Trajan. 53-117. Spanish Roman Emperor 98-. First bridge across Danube. Column 106. Aqueduct 109. Extended Suez Canal.

Transcendentalism. 1835-55. US philosophy. Man’s divinity and goodness. Insight over logic. Opposed to authority. Thoreau. Emerson. Channing.

Trenchard, Hugh. 1873-1956. British Flying Corps Commander. “Father of the RAF” 1918.

Triple Alliance. 1668 England, United Provinces, Sweden vs France to protect Spanish Netherlands. 1717 France, England, Dutch Republic vs Spain...Quadruple Alliance. 1788-90 British, Dutch Republic, Prussia vs spread of Russo-Swedish War. 1795. England, Austria, Russia vs threat of French Revolution.1882-1914. Germany, Austria, Italy vs Triple Entente.

Trivium. Grammar, rhetoric, logic. Quadrivium.

Trotsky. Lev Bronstein. 1879-1940. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, with Lenin anti-Stalin. “Worldwide Permanent Revolution”-socialism in Russia requires revolution everywhere. Favoured International Communism over Stalin’s Russian nationalism. Organized First Soviet 1905. Twice banished to Siberia by Czar. 1918 War Commissar...Red Army. Banished by Stalin 1929. Murdered in exile in Mexico.

Trotskyists. 1965-75. Revolutionary radical-left syndicalist movements propounding Trotsky’s theory of permanent revolution.

Troubles, Time of. 1604-13. Russian rival claims to throne by 3 “False Dmitris”. Polish Invasion. Romanov elected.

Ts’ao Chan. c1715-63. Chinese novelist. Dream of Red Mansions 1742-63.

Ts’ao Ts’ao. 155-220. Shrewd unscrupulous Chinese general. Suppressed Yellow Turban Rebellion. Established Wei dynasty.

Tu Fu. 712-70. China’s greatest poet. Pessimistic, satirical.

Tubman, William. 1895-1971. Liberia. President 1941-. Women’s and native suffrage. School system.

Tubruq, Battle. WWII. British defeat Italians in Libya.

Tudor, Owen. 1400-61. Welsh. Married Henry V’s widow, Catherine of Valois. Founded Tudor dynasty.

Tuileries, Storming of. 1792 Massacre of Swiss Guards. King’s authority suspended. French Revolution.

Tupac Amaru. c1742-81. Peruvian Indian revolutionary vs Spanish rule 1780-1. Mutilated, drawn, quartered, beheaded.

Tuvalu. 1764 British discover. 1892 British protectorate. 1915 «Gilbert and Ellice Island colony. 1978 Independent = Tuvalu.

Tweed, William. 1823-78. NY city “boss” controlled patronage through Tammany Society. Exposed by NY Times.

Two-Power Standard. 1889. Hamilton declares that British fleet should be at least equal to naval strength of any 2 other countries. Abandoned 1912 by Churchill.

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