Muhammad ’Ali Pasha. 1769-1849. Egyptian Viceroy 1805-48. Killed Mameluks. Aided Ottomans vs Greeks. Dynasty ruled Egypt to 1952.

Munich Agreement. 1938. Recognition of Italian and German conquests by Chamberlain and Daladier. Dismembered Czechoslovakia. Appeasement Policy. Sudetenland.

Murat, Joachim. 1767-1815. French marshal. Led Napoleon’s coup. King of Naples 1808-.

Murray, James. 1722-94. First British governor of Quebec. Supported French residents. Recalled.

Muslim Civil War. 656-61 Sunni Muawiya defeats Shi’ite Ali for leadership starting Umayyad dynasty. 683-92 Umayyad put down Syrian rebellion. 809-13 Iraq vs Iran. 1008-31 Moslem Spanish gain autonomy from Umayyad.

Murphy, Gerald and Sara. 1920-33 US expatriates in Paris, Antibes. Parties, salons for artists and writers. Models for Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night.

Mycenaeans. c1600-c1100BC. Greek civilization. Time of Homer’s epics. Late Bronze Age. Ended with Dorian invasion.

Nader Shah. 1688-1747. Severe ruler of Persia 1736-. Conquered Turks and northern India. Took Koh-i-noor diamond, Peacock Throne.

Nanak. 1469-1539. Indian Sikh guru. To reduce strife between Hindus and Moslems, founded Sikh religion. -“God is one, whether Allah, Rama, God or Vishnu”.

Nansen, Fridtjof. 1861-1930. Norwegian arctic explorer/statesman. Drifted in ship “Fram” 1895-6. Advocated independence from Sweden.

Napoleon I, Bonaparte. 1769-1821. French general. Emperor of France by coup d’etat 1804-14. Disastrous Moscow campaign 1812. Defeated at Waterloo 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleonic Code. Hundred Days.

Napoleon II. 1811-32. ’King’ of Rome 1811-14. Son of Napoleon and Marie Louise.

Napoleon III. 1808-73. President of French Republic 1848-52. Emperor by coup d’etat 1852-70. Defeated by Bismarck, exiled.

Napoleonic Code. 1804-. French laws standardized. Personal liberty, equality, justice, divorce, marriage, property rights. Still in use.

Napoleonic Wars. 1803-15. France conquers most of Europe until Waterloo. Paris Treaty. Wars of Coalition.

Narragansett. North American Indians fought with colonists in Pequot War.

Nash, Ogden. 1902-71. US humorist poet. One Touch of Venus 1943. “Candy is dandy, but liquor is quicker.”

National Defense, Gov’t of. 1870-71. France. Fall of Empire until recall of National Assembly.

National Geographic Society. 1888. World’s largest scientific and educational society.

National Liberation Front. 1960- Vietcong organization for unification of Vietnam. 1969 Provisonal government. 1975 Conquered South Vietnam. 1976 Joined National United Front.

Nationalism. 17-20C. Sociopolitical movement stressing individual’s loyalty to his state. 19C Led to Imperialism. 20C Fascism and Nazism.

Navarre. Vascones. 1C BC Rome. 400-800 Independent. 711 Moslem(Part). 798 Independent Basque kingdom. 1234 French dynasties. 1512 Castile(S). 1589 France(N).

Navarre College. Paris 1304. Founded by Jean de Navarre. Now École Polytechnique.

Necker, Jacques. 1732-1804. Swiss Finance Minister of France before the Revolution. Compte Rendu 1781. Called Estates General leading to French Revolution. Dismissal led to riots.

Nefertiti. 14C BC. Egyptian queen to Akhenaton.

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