Lytton, Bulwer-. 1803-73. English novelist: Last Days of Pompeii 1834. “It was a dark and stormy night”.

Macaulay, Thomas. 1800-59. British politician, writer. Essays 1843. History of England 1849-61 the “Whig interpretation of history”.

Macbeth. -1057. Scottish king 1040-. Killed, succeeded Duncan. Killed by Duncan’s son, Malcolm.

Machado de Assis, Joaquim. 1839-1908. Brazilian writer. Small Winner 1881.

Machiavelli, Niccolo. 1469-1527. Florentine amoral cynic, statesman, historian and writer. The Prince 1513. -“End justifies the means”. -“Appear virtuous, act to maintain power”.

Macquarie, Lachlan. 1761-1824. Scottish governor of New South Wales 1809-21. Public works; currency 1813; bank 1817.

Maderno, Carlo. 1556-1629. Swiss architect. Founded Baroque style. St. Peter’s facade 1607.

Madison, James. 1751-1836. US President. 1809-17. “Father of US Constitution.”

Magritte, René. 1898-1967. Belgian Surrealist painter. Ceci n’est pas un pipe 1948. Castle of the Pyrenees 1962.

Mahavira, Vardhamana. 599-527BC. Indian founder of Jainism: -“All life is sacred”.

Mahdi. Shi’ite messiah who will appear at end of the world. Several claimants have appeared.

Mailer, Norman. 1923-2007. US writer. Naked and the Dead 1948. Executioner’s Song 1979. Harlot’s Ghost 1991.

Maistre, Joseph de. 1753-1821. French moralist for Christianity, Absolutism vs progress. Spanish Inquisition 1837.

Malacca. (Melaka). 1403 Malay. 1511 Portugal. 1641 Dutch. 1795 British, «Straits Settlements. 1946 Malaya. 1963 Malaysia.

Malaparte, Curzio. 1898-1957. Italian Fascist writer. Coup d’Etat 1931.

Mallarmé, Stéphane. 1842-98. French poet, initiated Symbolism. Après-Midi d’un faune 1865.

Malplaquet, Battle. 1709. Marlborough defeats French in war of Spanish Succession.

Manchu. 1644-1912. Chinese dynasty.=Ch’ing. 1682 united China.

Manchukuo. 1932-45. Japanese puppet state in Manchuria under P’u-i. Manchu.

Mancini, Pasquale. 1817-88. Italian Risorgimento leader, statesman. Triple Alliance 1882.

Manet, Édouard. 1832-83. French Pre-Impressionist painter. Olympia 1863. Déjeuner sur l’herbe 1863, triggered Impressionism. Folies-Bergères 1882. Monet.

Manichaeism. 240-6C. Dualist ascetic Persian religion founded by Mani (-274) combining Gnosticism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity. Man’s spirit is good, body is evil. Albigens, Cathars, Paulician.

Mansart, Francois. 1598-1666. French architect. Val-de-Grâce 1645. Classical elements in Baroque style. Subtle elegance, harmony. Mansard roof.

Manson, Patrick. 1844-1922. Scottish parasitologist. Associated malaria with mosquito, 1894.

Maquis. French guerillas vs German occupation, WWII. Resistance.

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