Hegel, G.W.F. 1770-1831. German Idealist philosopher: Dialectical Reasoning: thesis vs antithesis = synthesis. Dialectical Materialism. “Universe is evolving from first cause toward self awareness and freedom. In man, God becomes aware of Himself”. Phenomenology 1806. Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1817. Philosophy of History 1830.

Heisenberg, Werner. 1901-76. German quantum physicist: Uncertainty Principle 1927.

Heliopolis. 1800. Egyptian battle. Kléber defeats Mameluks. Original site of Cleopatra’s Needles.

Hellenistic Art. c330-50BC. Cosmopolitan culturally diverse period of Alexander’s empire. Sensual, emotional sculpture. Dying Gaul. Laocoön.

Helvétius, Claude-Adrien. 1715-71. French Materialist philosopher. All actions based on self-interest. De l’ésprit 1758.

Hemingway, Ernest. 1898-1961. US novelist: Fairwell to Arms 1929. For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940. Old Man and the Sea 1952. Style:“A stream with stones of nouns and a surface of prepositional ripples” -L. Morrow.

Henry, Patrick. 1736-99. US revolutionary. “Give me liberty or give me death” 1775. Bill of Rights.

Henry II. 1133-1189. Plantagenet king of England 1154-. Common Law system. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine. Angevin Empire. Becket. Rosamund.

Henry IV. of Navarre. 1553-1610. King of France 1589-. Converted to Catholicism. Edict of Nantes protected Protestant rights. ’Reign of Rebuilding’. Assassinated by Ravaillac. Margaret of France.

Henry VI. 1421-71. King of England and France 1422-61, 70-1. Founded King’s College Cambridge, Eton. Lost France except Calais. Weakness led to War of Roses. Deposed.

Heptarchy. 5-9C. Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, E. Anglia, Northumbria. Frequent wars.

Hera. Wife of Zeus. Queen of gods. = Juno.

Heraclea. 280BC. “Pyrrhic” victory over Romans.

Heracleitus. c540-480BC. Greek philosopher. ’The only permanent thing is change.’ Fire is basis of matter.

Herodotus. c484-420BC. Greek historian and explorer. “Father of History”-Cicero.

Herophilus. c335-280BC. Greek “Father of Anatomy”.

Hesperides. Nymphs who guarded Hera’s tree of golden apples.

Hijrah. (Hegira). 622. Muhammed’s flight from Mecca to Medina. Begins Moslem calendar.

Hildebrandt, Johann von. 1668-1745. Austrian Baroque architect. Belvedere Palace 1700.

Hindenburg Line. 1917. German army’s Western Front. Breached 1918.

Hippocrates. 460-370BC. Greek physician. Separated medicine from superstition. Established medical schools. “Diseases due to natural causes”.

Hippolyte. Amazon queen with gold girdle.

Hiram. 989-936BC. King of Tyre 969-. Helped build Soloman’s Temple of Jerusalem 950BC.

Historia Regum Britanniae. c1135. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s history of Britain from legendary founding. Popularized legends of King Arthur.

Hobson, Tobias. Cambridge innkeeper who offered no choice of hired horse. -“Hobson’s choice”.

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