Erasmus, Desiderius. c1466-1536. Dutch Humanist ecclesiastic reform writer. Published first New Testament based on Greek, 1516. Reason over ignorance and superstition. Opposed Luther. Praise of Folly. Enchiridion: Christ requires of us nothing but a pure and sincere life.

Eratosthenes. c276-194BC. Alexandrian mathematician, philosopher. Measured earth’s circumference, tilt of axis. World map 220BC.

Escalade. December 12 celebration of Savoy’s unsuccessful last attack on Geneva, 1602.

Escurial. 1557. Spanish monastery near Madrid built by Philip II to commemorate St-Quentin victory.

Esma’il I. 1487-1524. Shah of Iran 1501-. Converted Iran Sunni to Shi’ah.

Essex. 6C Saxon kingdom. 860 «Wessex.

Esther. Old Testament Persian Queen. Saved Jews from extinction.

Estrées, Gabrielle d’. 1573-99. Mistress of French Henry IV.

ETA. 1970-. Basque terrorist separatist organization.

Etruscans. Asian people in Tuscany 8C BC. Taken by Rome, 4-3C BC. Skilful metal workers. Strong navy, merchant traders. Tarquins.

Europa. Daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, raised by Zeus (Jupiter). Minos’ mother.

Euzkadi. 1936-7. Independent Basque rep. Guernica.

Expressionism. 1920-24. German drama style showing writers’ feelings. Author/hero.

Expressionism. 20C Literary style expressing essence of subject by exaggerating characteristics. Sounds and symbols. Joyce. Kafka. O’Neill. Woolf. Beckman.

Ezzelino III da Ramono. 1194-1259. Cruel ruler of northern Italy. Subject of Dante’s Inferno.

Fabius, Quintus. -203BC. Consul. Saved Rome from Hannibal by delaying battles, allowing army to recover 218-.

Fabre, Henri. 1823-1915. French entomologist: Souvenirs entomologiques.

Factory Acts. England. 1802 Apprentices 12 hr day. 1819 Minimum age 9. 1833. Limited child labour to 8 hours and education required 1844 Women, children 10 hr max. 1842 No women/children in mines. 1920 Minimum age 14. US 1844 Women 12 hr max. 1874 Women/children 10 hr max.

Fair Deal. 1945,9. Truman’s program for jobs, housing, social insurance in US.

Faneuil Hall. 1742-. Boston “cradle of American liberty”.

Farnese, Alessandro. 1545-92. Italian/Spanish governor of Netherlands. Quelled rebellion.

Farragut, David. 1801-70. Union Civil War admiral. -“Damn the torpedoes. Full speed ahead!”.

Fatima. c606-33. Daughter of Mohammad. Matriarch of Fatimids. Wife of Ali, Shi’ite leader.

Fatimid. 909-1171. N African, Middle East Shi’ite Empire.

February Manifesto. 1899-1905. Override of Finnish Constitution. Rule by Czar’s Edict. Russification 1890-1905.

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