Stuart, James. 1688-1766. “The Old Pretender”. Catholic Prince of Wales, claimant to British throne. Jacobites.

Sudan. 4000BC = Nubia. c3000BC Egypt. 11-4C BC Cush Empire. c350 Aksum. 6C Christian. 15C Moslem. 1821 Egypt. 1898 Kitchener conquers...1899 Anglo/Egypt administration. 1956 Independent.

Sufism. 8/9C Persian Moslem movement. Soul’s personal union with God. =Islamic mysticism.

Sukarno. 1901-70. Indonesian nationalist leader, president 1949-67. Sought communist ties. Authoritative ‘guided democracy’.

Sulla, Lucius. 138-78BC. Roman consul 88-79. Dictator 82-79. Civil war with Marius. Murdered thousands of opponents. Conquered Athens. Constitutional reforms.

Sunni. Majority orthodox Moslem sect who follow Sunnah, traditional legal, social practices. Shi’ite.

Supremacy, Act of. 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England under monarch. 1554 Repealed by Mary I. 1559 Elizabeth I re-established Church of England. Oath required of all MPs.

Supreme Privy Council. 1726-30. Effectively ruled Russia after Peter the Great’s death without heir.

Suttee. Sati. -1829. Indian widow’s suicide on husband’s pyre.

Suzerainty. Authority over a state’s foreign affairs by another state.

SWAPO. Southwest African People’s Organization for Namibian independence. 1960 Founded by Nujoma, Toiva vs South African hegemony. 1971 UN recognition.

Sweyn. -1014. Danish king c987-. Conquered Norway 1000, England 1013. Canute’s father.

Swift, Jonathon. 1667-1745. Anglo-Irish satirist writer. Gulliver’s Travels 1726.

Swithin, St. c800-862. Rain fell when his body was moved, July 15, 971. (St. Swithin’s Day).

Sydenham, Thomas. 1624-89. English doctor. Popularized quinine vs malaria, iron for anemia. Described scarlet fever.

Syracuse, Battle. 480BC Carthage repelled. 415-413BC Critical Athenian defeat in Peloponnesian War. 396, 392 Carthage defeated. 382-75 Defeated by Carthage. 214-211 BC Rome conquers, sacks city.

Taborites. -1452. Militant Bohemian Hussites. Defeated by Catholic-Utraquist alliance.

Tahiti Dispute. 1836-44. British reject Tahitian request for protection vs French.

Taiping Rebellion. 1850-64. Hung Hsiu-ch’üan and Taiping socialist rebels capture Nanking 1853. Defeated by Gordon. Weakened Manchu dynasty.

Taiwan. Indonesians. 1590 Portugal discovers = Formosa. 17C Dutch/Spanish settle. 1662 Chinese settle, expel Europeans. 1895 Japan. 1945 China. 1949 Independent as Republic of China. 1971 United Nations gives Taiwan’s seat to People’s Republic of China.

Talion. Law.Early Babylonia -18C. “Eye for an eye”.

Talmud. 5C Palestinian, 6C Babylonian. Compilations of rabbis’ opinions and decisions. Mishna. Gemara.

Tamerlane. 1336-1405. Barbaric Mongol Moslem conquerer. First of Timurid line. Routed Golden Horde. Conquered Ottomans 1402. Mehmed I.

Tamworth Manifesto. 1834. Peel’s moderate reforms as British Conservative Party platform.

T’ang. 618-907. Chinese dynasty. Golden Age. Overthrown by provincial warlords.

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