Frontier. Moving US boundary between developed east and unsettled west. Opportunity for adventureres, explorers, pioneers.

Frost, Robert. 1874-1963. American New England poet. Stopping by Woods 1923.

Fugger. 15-17C. German family of financiers and merchants.

Futurism. 1909-1915. Italian artistic movement founded by Marinetti. Glorified machine age, war and violence. Exemplified by simultaneity of images like strobe effect. Boccioni, Balla.

Gabriel. Archangel. God’s messenger. Made Annunciation to Mary, and revealed Koran to Muhammad.

Gabrieli, Andrea. c1510-86. Venetian church music composer. First to combine voice and instruments in concerto form.

Gabrieli, Giovanni. c1557-1612. Nephew of A. Wrote sacred symphonies of voice and instrument.

Gadsden Purchase. 1853. US buys land from Mexico.

Gaelic. Celtic languages of Scotland and Ireland.

Gainsborough, Thomas. 1727-88. English portrait and landscape painter. Boy Blue 1770. Watering Place.

Gaiseric. 390-477. Vandal and Alani King 428-. Conquered Roman Africa 429. Sacked Rome 455.

Galilee. N Israel. (Ancient N Palestine). Jesus’ homeland. Absorbed in Arab-Israeli War, 1949.

Galland, Antoine. 1646-1715. French translator of Arabian Nights, introduced the story to Europe 1704.

Galt, Alexander. 1817-93. British/Canadian statesman, father of Canadian Confederation.

Gandamak, Treaty. 1879. British pay Afghans and occupy Khyber Pass.

Gandhi, Indira. 1917-84. Indian Prime Minister 1966~84. Daughter of J. Nehru. Assassinated.

Gandhi, Mohandas. 1869-1948. Indian patriot and non-violent philosopher. Home Rule. Opposed Partition. Assassinated.

Garigliano, Battle. 1503. Spain defeats French invasion and wins Naples.

Garnerin, A-J. 1769-1823. French. First parachutist. Landed in Monceau park, Paris, 1797.

Garros, Roland. 1888-1918. French aviator, first to cross Mediterranean.

Gastein, Convention. 1865. Schleswig-Holstein divided between Prussia and Austria.

GATT. General Agreement on Trade and Tarrifs. 1948-95. Regulates trade tarrifs under UN. WTO.

Gaugemela, Battle. 331BC. Alexander the Great defeats Persia.

Gauguin, Paul. 1848-1903. French Post-Impressionist painter typified by abstracted figures and flat planes of color. Tahitian Landscape. Day of the God 1894.

Gdansk. (Danzig). 1308 Teutonic Knights. 1466-1793 Sole Polish port. 1919 Independent. (Nazi 1933-). 1939 Germans annex, causing WWII. 1945 Poland. Solidarity.

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