Barbara, St. c200. Maiden martyr at father’s hands, who was struck by lightning. Patron St. of artillerymen.

Barbarians. Greek = foreigners. Roman term for Goths, Huns and Vandals who conquered Western Empire 3-6C.

Barbès, Armand. 1809-70. French Republican.

Barbey d’Aurevilly, Jules. 1808-89. French dandy, social critic.Diaboliques 1874.

Barbizon. 19C French objective style of painting landscapes from nature; influenced Impressionists. Millet, Diaz.

Barbuda. 1628 British Colony. 1680 Cordington family possession. 19C British Crown Colony. 1981 Independent Antigua and Barbuda.

Barons War. 1264-7. England. Led by Montfort vs Henry III’s spending. Evesham. Oxford Provisions. Ended by Marlborough Statute.

Baroque Art. 1600-1750. Orig in Italy, spread across W. Europe. Architecture: Ornate style characterized by stucco, frescoes, rood screens. Vanbrugh. Bernini’s Barberini Palace. Music: Counterpoint vs Renaissance polyphony. Opera, cantata. Bach. Monteverdi. Vivaldi. Painting: Dynamic, emotional. Caravaggio. Reni. Rubens.Van Dyck. Rococo.

Barrackpore Mutiny. 1824. Indian troops vs British commanders. Troops massacred.

Barth, Karl. 1886-1968. Swiss Protestant theologian. Can only understand God through word of Christ.

Basel, Peace. 1499. Holy Roman Empire grants Swiss independence.

Bataan Death March. 1942. Japanese force 60 mile march; 54 of 70,000 prisoners arrive.

Batavian Republic. 1795-1806. = Netherlands.

Bateau-Lavoir. 1900. Paris birthplace of cubism (Picasso, Braque) and modern poetry (Jacob, Apollinaire, Orlan). Desmoiselles d’Avignon.

Bauhaus. 1919-33. German art institute. ’Arts and sciences should cooperate in architecture’ -Gropius.

Bavarian Succession, War. (Potato War). 1778-9. Prussia stops Austria from taking over Bavarian land ceded to it.

Bayard, Pierre. 1476-1524. French knight in Italian wars. “The fearless and blameless knight.”

Bayeux Tapestry. c1104. 70 meter illustration of Norman Conquest of England.

Beardsley, Aubrey. 1872-98. Controversial Art Nouveau illustrator in black and white. Salomé 1894. Lysistrata 1896.

Beccaria, Cesare. 1738-94. Italian writer. Treatise on Crime and Punishment 1764. Influenced 19C penal reform and capital punishment.

Bechuanaland. Botswana.

Beerbohm, Max. 1872-1956. English caricaturist, satirist, dandy. Caricatures 1896.

Beethoven, Ludwig van. 1770-1827. German composer expressing emotions in music. Tone poet. Developed form and structure. “The Shakespeare of music”. 9 Symphonies. Eroica 1804. 5th 1807. 9th 1824.

Belarus. (White Russia). 1386 Lithuania. 1569 Poland. 1780s Russia. 1917 USSR. 1991 Belarus. CIS.

Belgae. 150BC Celts in north Gaul. 75BC to south of England.

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