Carmona, António. 1869-1951. Portuguese president 1928-.

Ceuta. c12C BC Phoenicia. 1C BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 618 Visigoth. 711 Moslem. 1415 Portugal. 1580 Spain. 1810 Britain. 1814 Spain.

Chassériau, Théodore.1819-56. French portrait artist.

Chevreuse, Duchesse de. 1600-79. Plot vs Richelieu. Important role in the Fronde.

Cinna, Lucius. c84BC. Roman consul. Killed Sulla’s supporters. Assassinated.

Cinque Ports. 1067-1608. Association of English Channel ports to defend England.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Clouet, Jean. 1485-1540. French portrait painter.

Congo. 1482 Portugal explore. 1880 French settle(N). 1885 Belgium(S). 1910 «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent. 1971 =Zaire. 1997 =Democratic Republic of Congo. Mobutu.

Constantine I. 1868-1923. King of Greece, 1913-17. Refused to support Allies in WWI. Abdicated. Restored 1920-2. Abdicated again.

Corn Laws. 1804-15. British agricultural price support. Repeal, 1846, marks transformation from agricultural to industrial priorities and free trade.

Cornwallis Code. 1793. For civil servants in India. No private trade. No Indians in important posts.

Crimean War. 1853-6. Russian attempt to get a Mediterranean port stopped by Turkey, England, France, Sardinia. Dispute over Holy places in Palestine.

Cyril, St. c444. Patriarch of Alexandria. Deported Nestor. Lynched Hypatia. Launched pogroms against Jews. Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon.

Darwin, Charles. 1809-1882. English Naturalist. His Theory of Evolution supported Materialism. Origin of Species by Natural Selection 1859. Descent of Man 1871.

Delaroche, Paul. 1797-1859. French portrait and historical painter. Death of Queen Elizabeth. Children of Edward.

Demarcation Bull. 1493. Pope Alexander VI divides New World between Portugal/Spain. Tordesillas.

Devil’s Island. French Guiana. South American penal colony 1854-1946.

Diaz, Bartolomeu. c1450-1500. Portuguese. First to sail around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487/8.

Dieppe. 1942. Unsuccessful Canadian-led experimental assault on French port. 44,000 dead.

Diniz. 1261-1325. King of Portugal, 1279-. Founded University of Coimbra 1290, navy 1317.

Dollar Diplomacy. Buying a country’s support with loans, aid.

Draper, John. 1811-82. English/US chemist: first photographic portrait 1840. 1st photo of moon 1840.

Durham Report. 1839. Advocated colonial independence from Britain, BNA Act.

Eckmühl. Battle. 1809. Bavaria. Napoleon’s victory over Austria who lose German support.

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