Wilkie, David. 1785-1841. English portrait painter.

William I. (Wilhelm) 1797-1888. Hohenzollern King of Prussia 1861-. German Empire. 1871-. Supportedf Bismarck vs Austria and France.

William I. The Conqueror. c1027-87. Norman conquest of England, 1066. Defeated Harold II at Hastings. Ordered Domesday Survey 1085. Built Tower of London 1086. Imported feudal system.

Winterhalter, Franz-Xaver. 1805-73. German royal portrait painter. Empress Eugénie 1854.

Zaire. Bantu. 1482 Portugal explores. 1885 Personal holding of Leopold II = Congo Free State. 1908 Belgian Congo. 1960 Independent. 1971 =Zaire. 1997 Democratic Republic of Congo.

Zamora Treaty. 1143. Portugal independent of Alfonso VII of Castile.

Zanzibar. 1499 Portugal explores. 1698 Muscat +Oman. 18-19C Slave source. 1861 Independent sultanate. 1890 British protectorate. 1963 Independent. 1964 +Tanganyika = Tanzania.

Zen Buddhism. 6C-. Sect founded by Bodhidharma. Sudden Enlightenment by meditation on Koan paradoxes. 1191 imported to Japan.

Zimbabwe. 11C Shona. 15C Karanga Empire. 16C Portugal explores. 1890 British South Africa Co. 1911 Southern Rhodesia. 1953 +Nyasaland. 1964 =Rhodesia. 1965 Declared indepence, international sanctions. 1979 Independent. =Zimbabwe. ZAPU. ZANU. Mugabe.

Zola, Emile. 1840-1902. French “scientific” novelist: Nana 1880. Dreyfus supporter. Realist. Founded Naturalist Movement. Thérèse Raquin 1867. J’accuse 1898.

Alcock, John. 1892-1919. First non-stop transatlantic flight, 1919, with Brown.

Arthur. c500. Legendary king of Camelot. Knights of the Round Table.

Arthur I. 1187-1203. Duke of Brittany. Claimant to English throne. Defeated by John I.

Avalon. Elysium of Arthurian legend.

Balfour, Arthur. 1848-1930. British Prime Minister 1902-5. Opposed Irish Home Rule. Balfour Declaration.

Bliss, Arthur. 1891-1975. English subjective composer. Colour Symphony 1922.

Brown, Arthur. 1886-1948. First non-stop transatlantic flight, 1919, with Alcock.

Camelot. Legendary court of King Arthur.

Cato St. Conspiracy. 1820. Thistlewood plot to assassinate cabinet ministers.

Chrétien de Troyes. 12C. French poet. Legend of King Arthur.

Clarke, Arthur C. 1917-2008. British science fiction writer. Predicted geosynchronous satellites 1945. 2001: A Space Odyssey 1968.

Compton, Arthur. 1892-1962. US physicist: C Effect, 1923.

Culhwch + Olwen. c1100. Earliest Arthurian romance.

Doyle, Arthur Conan. 1859-1930. British doctor, mystery writer and creator of Sherlock Holmes. Study in Scarlet 1887.

Elaine. Dies of love for Lancelot in Arthurian legend.

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