Adlerian Psychology. Man is driven to attain power to compensate for “inferiority feeling”. Can lead to “Overcompensation”, e.g. short dictators. Neuroses are illnesses as an excuse for underachievement.

Aiken, Conrad. 1889-1973. US poet, short story writer. Silent Snow, Secret Snow 1934.

Ceausescu, Nicolae. 1918-89. Repressive Romanian dictator, 1965-. Advocated independence from USSR and western ties. Economic policy led to food, energy shortages. Overthrown and executed.

Crane, Stephen. 1871-1900. US writer. Red Badge of Courage 1895. Short stories.

Depression. 1873-96. Caused by gold shortage, agricultural shortage, overspeculation, deflation.

Depression, Great. 1929-34. Speculation, shortage of capital, tarrifs led to unemployment, European move to right, totalitarianism.

Irving, Washington. 1783-1859. US writer. Rip van Winkle. Legend of Sleepy Hollow 1819. Tales of a Traveller 1824. Inventor of short story.

Maugham, W. Somerset. 1874-1965. British cosmopolitan Humanist writer. Of Human Bondage 1915. Short Stories. Moon and Sixpence 1919.

Maupassant, Guy de. 1850-93. French short story writer: Boule de Suif 1880.

OPEC. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. 1961- International cartel sets prices by controlling supply. Created oil shortage 1973.

Pitmann, Isaac. 1813-97. English shorthand inventor 1837.

Short Parliament. 1640. England. Refused king taxes because of grievances.