Villiers, G. 1592-1628. First Duke of Buckingham. Incompetent favourite of Charles I who dissolved parliament to prevent his impeachment, 1626 causing Civil War.

Wakefield, Battle. 1460. War of Roses. 1643 English Civil War.

Westminster, Statute of. 1275,85,90. First reference to Great Council of England as Parliament. Reformed civil and criminal law. Legal protection for poor. 1931. British affirmation of autonomous dominion of British Empire countries. Established British Commonwealth.

Worcester, Battle. 1651. Cromwell defeats Royalists. Last revolt after English Civil War.

Yancey, William. 1814-63. US pro-slavery secession leader. American Civil War.

Yugoslavia. Balkans. 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes. 1929 =Yugoslavia. 1929-31 Dictatorship. 1941-45 Italy, Germany occupy. 1945 Socialist Federation of Republics. 1948 Broke Soviet ties. 1991 -Croatia, Slovenia, Civil war. Serbia. Croatia. Bosnia-Hercegovina. Slovenia. Macedonia. Montenegro. Tito. Kosovo.

Zapotec. 6-16C. Advanced Mexican civilization in Oaxaca.

Attlee, Clement. 1883-1967. British Labour Prime Minister. 1945-51. National Health. Nationalization.

Bevan, Aneurin. 1897-1960. British Socialist MP 1929-60. Architect of National Health Service, 1948.

British Empire, Order of. 1917. Honours service to government.

Conscription. 1793. Carnot devised first compulsory military service for France. Used in Egypt’s Old Kingdom.

Feudalism. 8-14C. Social system. Lord grants land rights (fiefs) to vassals in return for military or other service. Manorialism. Seignorialism.

Gurney, Goldsworthy. 1793-1875. British Steam-auto passenger service.

Inflation. General rise of prices of goods and services.

Louis XI. 1423-83. French King 1461-. Acquired Burgundy, Anjou. Postal service 1477. Arras Treaty.

MI5. 1909. British Security Service responsible for counterintelligence and internal security.

MI6. 1912. British Secret Intelligence Service. Overseas intelligence and strategic services. Continuation of 16C Secret Service.

Mortmain. Land ownership by a corporation unable to die or provide services.

National Health Service. 1948-. British system of socialized medicine.

OSS. Office of Strategic Services. 1942-45. Precursor to CIA.

Scripps, Edward. 1854-1926. US publisher. Founded United Press news service 1907.

Scutage. -14C. Payment by vassal to Lord in lieu of military service.

Service, Robert. 1874-1958. Canadian poet. Shooting of Dan McGraw.

Vassal. Feudal holder of a fief in exchange for services.

Villein. Feudal serf bound to land. Performs services for lord in exchange for protection and land use.

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