Livius Andronicus. c284-204BC. Roman epic poet. Translated Greek plays, Odyssey.

Livonian Knights. 1202-1561. German religious order to Christianize Baltic. Livonia.

Livy. c59BC-17 AD. Roman historian. 142 volume Annals of Rome 29BC-.

Locarno Pact. 1925. Non-aggression treaty in Europe. Germany, France, Belgium, et al. Broken when Hitler occupied Rhineland,1936.

Locke, John. 1632-1704. English philosopher. Empiricism-all knowledge is derived from experience: On Civil Government 1689. Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1690. ‘Sound mind in a sound body’. Evil brings pain, Good brings pleasure. Advocated separation of legislature from executive, as applied in Britain and US. Natural rights (property, pursuit of happiness, religion) influenced US Constitution, led to Enlightenment. Philosophical basis of French and American Revolutions. Epistemological foundations of modern Science.

Logos. Greek force of cosmic order and reason. Link between God and man. Philo.

Lohengrin. German legendary knight of the Holy Grail.

Lombard League. 1167-1250. N Italy united vs HRE.

Lombards. Germanic people. 568 invaded Italy. 808 Jews formed banking system. 14C Commercial banks.

London Company. 1606. Establishd first permanent English settlement in N America at Jamestown, VA.

Lorenz, Konrad. 1903-89. Austrian zoologist. Father of ethology. Man Meets Dog 1954.

Louis. The Child. 893-911. Last Carolingian German King, 899-.

Louis. The Younger. c830-882. Carolingian German King 876-. Acquired Lotharingia.

Louis I. The Great. 1326-82. King of Hungary, 1342-, Poland 1370-. Rid kingdoms of Turks. Fought Venice, Naples.

Louis II. 1506-26. King of Hungary and Bohemia 1516-. Lost Hungary to Turks.

Louis II. The German. c822-76. King of East Carolingian Empire, 843-. Fought reuniting attempts. Checked Arab invasion of Italy.

Louis IV. c1283-1347. German king 1314-. Holy Roman Emperor, 1328-. German electors overrule Pope to make him Emperor.

Louis XV Style. 1715-74. Superior craftsmanship. Rococo decoration. Boucher.

Lucan. 39-65. Roman poet. Conspired vs Nero. Bellum Civile.

Luckner, Felix. 1886-1966. German naval officer. Attacked commercial vessels in WWII.

Lucretius. 99-55BC. Roman poet: De rerum natura, advocating moral truth without religious belief.

Luna. Roman moon goddess, = Selene.

Lusitania. 1915. British passenger ship sunk by German U-boat. Led to US joining WWI. 1198 lost.

Lusitania. Roman province ≈Portugal + west Spain.

Luther, Martin. 1483-1546. German Christian reformer opposed to indulgences. Wittenberg. -’Even if heaven and hell do not exist, education is important’ Justification by faith alone. Melanchthon. 95 Theses 1517. Treatise on Christian Liberty. New Testament translated to vernacular 1522. Catechisms 1529. Canticles 1533. Excommunicated 1520, burns Papal Bull. Choral composer: moral effects of music.

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