Pompidou, Georges. 1911-74. French statesman, Prime Minister 1962-68, President 1969-. Fifth Republic Constitution.

Pont d’Avignon. 12C-1680. Built after divine command to shepherd, St Bénézet.

Pont Notre-Dame. Originally the Great Bridge in Roman Paris. Rebuilt in 1413 by Normans. First numbered houses in Paris.

Pope. Head of Roman Catholic Church, Bishop of Rome. Considered the infallible vicar of Christ.

Pope, Alexander. 1688-1744. English satirist, poet and philosopher: On Criticism 1711. Rape of the Lock 1712-4. Essay on Man 1732-4.

Popol Vuh. 16C manuscript on Mayan culture.

Porte, Sublime. Constantinople Ottoman government.

Porter, Edwin. 1869/70-1941. US filmmaker. First dramatic editing -Great Train Robbery 1903; First US documentary -The Life of an American Fireman 1903.

Portland, William Bentrick, Duke of. 1649-1709. Dutch/English statesman. Boyne. Treaty of Rijswijk.

Portsmouth, Treaty. 1905. Russia recognizes Japan in Korea, returning Manchuria to China.

Post-Romantic. Music style of late 19C, early 20C. Exaggerated Romanticism. Mahler. Schoenberg.

Potsdam Agreement. 1945. Truman, Stalin, Attlee agree to draw up peace treaties, reduce German industrialization, restore democracy in Europe after WWII. Outlawed Nazism. Divided Germany.

Praetorian Guard. 27BC-312. Roman Emperor’s guard. Only military allowed in Rome.

Praetorius, Michael. 1571-1621. German choral composer. Musae Sioniae 1605-10. Syntagma Musicum 1615-19.

Pragmatic Sanction. 1713. Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI declares Maria Theresa as heir causing War of Austrian Succession.

Prandtl, Ludwig. 1875-1953. German “father” of aerodynamics.

Praxiteles. 4C BC. Greek classical sculptor: Aphrodite c350. Hermes. Showed humanity of gods.

Prefect. Roman civil servants delegated Consul’s power.

Prokofiev, Sergei. 1891-1953. Russian Romantic opera and symphony composer, pianist. Strong folk element. Peter and the Wolf 1936.

Prometheus. Titan who made man of clay and gave him life, stole fire from the gods for him. Chained to a rock to have an eagle eat his liver daily. Freed by Hercules.

Propertius, Sixtus. c47BC-15 AD. Roman poet of elegies.

Protagoras. c485-411BC. First Greek Sophist. “Man is the measure of all things”. “Truth is subjective to each person”. Exiled c415-.

Protectionism. Levying of import duties to make domestic production more competitive. 1337 England. 1870s Germany creates Depression. 1930 US deepens Depression. List. Smoot-Hawley.

Protestant Union. 1608-21. German princes vs reimposition of Catholicism.

Prussia. 1226 Teutonic Knights. 1466 «Poland. 1525 Duchy of Poland. c1660 Independent. 1701 Kingdom. 1772-95 +NW Poland. 1871 Dominated German Empire. 1919 Weimar(W)/ Poland(E). 1933 Germany(W). Bismarck.

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