Albania. Balkans. 3-5C Visigoth, Huns invade. 6-7C Bulgars, Serbs, Slavs invade.12-15C Bulgar, Norman, Angevin, Serb, Venice contest.15C Ottoman. 1912 Independent republic. 1928 Monarchy (Zog). 1939 Italy occupies. 1945 Communist (Hoxha). 1961 Left Warsaw Pact. 1991 Democratic Constitution.

Alberoni, Giulio. 1664-1752. Acting Prime Minister, directed Spanish revival 1716-19.

Alien and Sedition Acts. 1798-1800/02. US fear French Revolution. Forbade criticism of government. Abused by Federalists vs Republicans.

Alien Registration Act. 1940. Outlaws advocating violent overthrow of US government. Extended to include all advocates of Communism. McCarthy.

American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU. 1920-. US legal action group supporting civil rights.

Anglo-Soviet Agreement. 1941. 20 year pledge against Nazi Germany and Axis powers.

Anne. 1665-1714. British Queen 1702-. Reign notable for literarature, science, architecture. Last Stuart. Acts of Union, Settlement.

Anthroposophy. Human power to contact spiritual world. Steiner.

Anti-Comintern Pact. 1936. Germany and Japan oppose International Communism. Axis.

Antony, Mark. c83-30BC. Caesar’s lieutenant. Triumvirate 43-32. Defeated at Actium with Cleopatra. Suicide.

ANZUS, Pact. 1951. Australia, NZ, US mutual defence in Pacific.

Arabesque. Style characterized by entwined vines, leaves.

Ardon, Mordecai. 1896-1992. Polish/Israeli abstract painter. Jerusalem landscapes.

Art Nouveau. (Jugendstil). 1885-1910. Originally English style of art and architecture. Reaction to Industrial uniformity. Beardsley. Tiffany. Gaudi.

Asiento. 1517-1750. Monopoly contracts to supply slaves to Spanish colonies.

Austin, Herbert. 1886-1941. English car manufacturer. Small car pioneer.

Auto-da-fé. (Act of Faith). 1481-1850. Sentencing ceremony of Inquisition.

Avila Camacho, Manuel. 1897-1955. Mexican President 1940-46. Befriended US, rallied Latin America vs Axis.

Axis Pact. 1936-45. German-Italian Agreement, 1936. Cooperative alliance maintained through WWII. Allied with Spain, 1939; Japan, 1936. Yugoslavia 1941. Tripartite Pact.

Baader-Meinhof Gang. (Red Army Faction). 1968-92. West German terrorists supported by Stasi.

Bactria. c1500BC Aryan. 545BC Persia. 328BC Alexander. 256BC-140 Graeco-Bactria. Badakhshan. 7C Moslem. 1220 Genghis Khan. Now Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan.

Badakhshan. 255BC-1584. Kingdom in Bactria claiming direct descendance from Alexander the Great.

Baghdad Pact. 1955. Became CENTO 1959.

Bakunists. Anarchist faction of Internationals.

Balkan Entente. 1934-9. Greece, Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia mutual defence pact.

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