St Helena. 1502 Portugal discovers. 1659 British. 1815-21 Napoleon exiled. 1922 + Ascension Is. 1938 + Tristan da Cunha.

Staël, Germaine de. 1766-1817. French woman of letters. Opposed Napoleon. Exiled. Corinne 1807. Germany 1810.

Stanislaw I. 1677-1766. Polish king 1704-9, 1733-5. 1733 return sparked War of Polish Succession.

Ste. Chapelle. 1246-8. Paris. Architect: Pierre de Montreuil. Built to house The Crown of Thorns.

Storting. 1814-. Bicameral Norwegian parliament.

Strafford, First earl. 1593-1641. English adviser to Charles I. Executed by Parliament.

Stürgkh, Karl von. 1859-1916. Austrian Prime Minister. Suspended parliament 1914. Assassinated.

Sully-Prudhomme. 1839-1907. French Parnassian philosophical poet.

Sykes-Picot Agreement. 1916. France, Britain agree on post WWI partition of Ottoman Empire.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Tammany Society. 1789-. Powerful NY Democratic party association.

Tamworth Manifesto. 1834. Peel’s moderate reforms as British Conservative Party platform.

Tardieu, André. 1876-1945. French politician. Paris Peace Conference. Prime Minister 1929~32.

Targowica, Confederation. 1792. Conservative Poles begin war. Second partition 1793.

Tarquinius Sextus. Rape of Lucrece 510BC sparks revolt, end of Tarquin dynasty. Roman Republic begins.

Tea Act. 1773. British give British East India Company effective monopoly in North America. Boston Tea Party.

Telegraph. 1794 France Semaphore. 1795 England Shutter. 1835 Morse. 1851 London-Paris. 1901 Transatlantic.

Templars. 1119-1312. Founded by Baldwin II and 9 knights in the Holy Land to protect pilgrims. Created International banking system, 9,000 commanderies, and owned 1/4 of Paris when dissolved by Philip IV, 1307; and Edward II, 1308. Council of Vienne.

Ten Commandments. Decalogue. Laws God gave Moses on stone tablets. Fundamental to Judaism/Christianity/Islam. No other gods, idols, swearing. Remember the sabbath. Honor parents. Do not kill, commit adultery, steal, bear false witness, covet.

Théâtre-Libre. 1887. Paris independent experimental theater.

Thermopylae. 480BC. Spartans resist Xerxes 3 days before being overwhelmed.

Thiers, Adolphe. 1797-1877. French. Led July Revolution. Paris wall 1841. Crushed Paris Commune 1871. First president of Third Republic 1871-3.

Third Estate. Part of States General 1789. National Assembly. French Revolution.

Thirty Tyrants. 404-403BC. Ruled Athens after defeat by Sparta.

Tilsit, Treaties. 1807. Russia, Prussia join Continental System. Russia free to attack Finland. Prussia surrenders to Napoleon, reduced in size. France controls Central Europe. Creates Warsaw Duchy, Westphalia.

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