Porte St-Denis. Paris. 1672. Celebrates Louis XIV’s victories on the Rhine.

Porte St-Martin. Paris. 1674. Commemorates the capture of Besançon.

Poynings Laws. 1494. Irish Parliament Acts put English Laws in effect.

Pravda. 1912. Newspaper of Russian Communist Party.

Priam. Last king of Troy. Father of Paris, Hector.

Pride’s Purge. 1648. Removal of 143 Presbyterian royalists from Parliament. Rump Parliament.

Prime Minister. =Premier. Head of parliamentary government under the head of state (monarch or president). Walpole (1721-42) considered first British Prime Minister. Richelieu 1624 France. Chancellor.

Prince of Asturias. 1379-. Title of heir apparent to Spanish throne.

Progressive Conservative. 1854-. (Named 1942) Major Canadian political party. Bennet. Diefenbaker.

Progressive Party. 1912,24 Dissident US Republicans. 1948 Dissident Democrats.

Prohibition Party. 1869-. US political party promoting Prohibition.

Prud’hommes, Councils. Medieval French trade tribunals revived by Napoleon.

Psychophysical Parallelism. Mind and body run on synchronized clocks started by God, but do not interact. Guelinex.

Ptolemy. c140. Alexandrian. First cartographer. Promoted Hipparchus’ geocentric theory of solar system. Copernicus. Columbus studied his Geography.

P’u-i, Henry. 1906-67. Last Chinese Emperor. 1908-12. Japanese puppet Emperor of Manchukuo 1934-45. Interned by Soviets in Siberia 1945-50. Reeducated by Communist Chinese. Pardoned 1959. Mechanic. From Emperor to Citizen 1980.

Pure Land Buddhism. 4C China, Japan. Followers of Buddha saviour Amitabha (Amida, O-mi-t’o). Paradise for invoking his name.

Pym, John. 1583-1643. English Puritan. Led Long Parliament. Civil War.

Pyramids, Battle. 1798. Napoleon wins access to Cairo.

Quadruple Alliance. 1718. Austria, France, Britain, Dutch Republic. Defeated Spain’s attack on Sicily. 1813,15. Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia. Enforced Treaty of Paris. 1834 France, Britain, Portugal, Spain. Supported Isabella II vs Carlist claims.

Quatre Bars, Battle. 1815. Preliminary to Waterloo. Napoleon defeats Prussians.

Québecois, Parti. Political party dedicated to separating Quebec from Canada. Despite 1976 election majority, 1980 referendum rejected secession.

Radical Republicans. 1860-77. Anti-slavery faction of US Republican Party. Abolitionists.

Radom, Confederation of. 1767. Polish nobles oppose king’s reforms leading to Partition.

Rajagopalachari, Chakravarti. 1879-1972. Indian Governor General 1948-50. Founded Swatantra Party 1959.

Rambouillet, Marquise de. 1588-1665. First Paris literary salon.

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