Maximilian I. 1756-1825. Bavarian king 1806-. Allied with Napoleon. Consolidated Bavaria. Opposed German unification.

May Demonstrations. 1968 Paris student uprising for more money to education, less to defence. General Strike brought 33% increase in minimum wage.

Megalopolis. 370-222BC. Greek city destroyed by Spartan Cleomenes III.

Menelaus. King of Sparta. Husband of Helen of Troy.

Mensheviks. 1903-22. Pacifist minority Social Democratic Workers Party members under Martov split from Bolsheviks. Sought gradual vs revolutionary socialism. Suppressed after October Revolution.

Merciless Parliament. Wonderful Parliament. 1388. Impeached 5 Richard II supporters.

Merton, Provision of. 1236. Oldest Act of English Parliament.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Milan. c400BC Celtic. 222BC Rome. 539 Goths destroy. 12C Independent. 1277 Visconti. 1450 Sforzas. 1535 Spain. 1713 Austria. 1797 Napoleon. 1815 Austria. 1859 Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Milan, Decree. 1807. Napoleon Continental System edict.

Military Conversations. 1906-14. English, French military staff prepare for war with Germany.

Militia Ordinance. 1642. Parliament takes over Militia. English Civil War.

Millais, John. 1829-1896. British Pre-Raphaelite painter. Christ in the House of His Parents 1850.

Milton, John. 1608-74. English epic poet. Comus 1638. Lycidas 1638. Paradise Lost 1667. Paradise Regained 1671.

Mitterand, François. 1916-96. Socialist president of France, 1981-95. Promoted European unity.

Mo-tzu. c470-391BC. Chinese philosopher. People should love each other universally. vs Confucianism: parents are more important.

Model Parliaments. 1265, 1295. Convened by Montfort, Edward I. Models for British representative parliament.

Moldavia (former). 14C Vlachs establish. 1349 Independent. 14C +Bessarabia. 16C Autonomous/Ottoman. 1774 Russian protectorate. 1774 -Bessarabia. 1859 +Walachia =Romania. 1940 Part ceded to MSSR.

Moldova. 1924. Bessarabia + part of former Moldavia. 1940 Moldavian SSR. 1991 Independent Republic. CIS.

Monasticism. Seeking of spiritual perfection by living apart from society.

Monge, Gaspard. 1746-1818. French creator of descriptive geometry 1780.

Monopolies. 1597- Granted by English crown. Abolished by Parliament 1624, 39.

Montesquieu, Charles. 1689-1755. French political philosopher. De l’esprit de lois 1748. Idea of separate executive/legislative branches of government adopted in US, France.

Montfort, Simon de. c1208-65. English leader of revolt vs Henry III. Model Parliament was first representative parliament. Defeated and captured at Evesham 1265. Barons War.

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