Pedrell, Felipe. 1841-1922. “Midwife” of Spanish Nationalist music.

Peninsular War. 1808-14. British, Spanish, Portuguese under Wellington defeat French in Iberian Peninsula.

Pérez, Antonio. 1534-1611. Spanish intriguer vs Philip II.

Pérez, Galdós. 1843-1920. Spanish writer of 46 historical novels. Episodios Nacionales.

Pérez de Ayala, Ramón. 1880-1962. Spanish writer. Balarmino and Apolonio.

Periander. Corinthian tyrant c627-586BC. Trade and art expansion.

Perry, Matthew. 1794-1858. US Commodore. Opened Japanese trade 1854.

Philip I. The Handsome. 1478-1506. King of Castile 1504-. Established Spanish Hapsburg line by marrying daughter of Ferdinand II.

Philip II. 1527-98. Spanish king. Revolt, 1579. Married Mary I of England. Sent Armada against Elizabeth I, 1588. Counter-Reformation champion.

Philip IV. 1605-65. Spanish king 1621-. Lost Portugal, Catalonia, Utrecht.

Philip V. 1683-1746. First Bourbon king of Spain 1700-. Accession led to War of Spanish Succession, loss of Netherlands and Italian possessions. War of Polish Succession.

Philippine Sea, Battle. 1944. Major US victory over Japanese. Philippines reconquered. MacArthur.

Philippines. 1521 Magellan discovers. 1565 Spanish conquer. 1762-64 British occupy. 1898 US. 1935 Commonwealth. 1941-11 Japan occupies. 1946 Republic. 1973 Marcos dictator. 1986 Democracy. MacArthur.

Picasso, Pablo. 1881-1973. Spanish/French Cubist painter. Desmoiselles d’Avignon 1907. Guernica 1937.

Pizarro, Francisco. ~1475-1541. Spanish conqueror of Incas in Peru 1531-3. Founded Lima 1535.

Plata, La. 1776-1910. Spanish viceroyalty in South America. Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay.

Plateresque. 16C Spanish architectural style. Intricate, heavy ornamentation.

Plymouth Colony. 1620 Founded by Pilgrims in New England. Massachussets Bay Company.

Poisons Affair. 1679. French scandal. Nobles using love potions and poisons from fortune tellers. Mme de Montespan implicated. La Voisin. Brinvilliers.

Ponce de León, Juan. 1460-1521. Spanish discoverer of Florida 1513. Sought fountain of youth.

Port Arthur. Chinese port. 1894 Japan. 1895 China (Shimonoseki Treaty). 1898 Russia. 1904 Japan. 1945 USSR/China. 1955 China.

Portsmouth, Treaty. 1905. Russia recognizes Japan in Korea, returning Manchuria to China.

Prim y Prats, Juan. 1814-70. Spanish. Helped overthrow Isabella 1868.

Primo de Rivera, Miguel. 1879-1930. Spanish fascist dictator 1923- by coup. Ended Moroccan War 1927.

Prince of Asturias. 1379-. Title of heir apparent to Spanish throne.

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