League of Nations. 1920-46. Versailles. For everlasting peace. Idea of US, who did not join. Germany 1926-33. Maximum 63 nations. Failed 1931 when Japan attacked Manchuria. USSR expelled1939. Dissolved 1946. Mandates.

Lebensraum. “Living Space”. Nazi expansionist objective, 1936-.

Lechfeld, Battle. 955. Otto I halts Magyar expansion.

León. 910-1230. Spanish kingdom. Ruled Galicia, Asturias; Portugal to 1143. 1230 +Castile.

Lepanto, Battle. 1571. Major Christian naval victory vs Turks, saving Cyprus.

Lesseps, Ferdinand. 1805-94. French engineer. Suez Canal 1869. Corinth Canal. Designed and began Panama Canal 1881-89.

Lockerbie Scotland. 1988 Terrorist bomb downs PanAm plane killing 270. Libya.

London Company. 1606. Establishd first permanent English settlement in N America at Jamestown, VA.

London Naval Conference. 1930. US, Britain, France, Japan, Italy, USA agree to limit battleships to 1936.

López de Legazpi, Miguel. -1572. Spanish explorer. Conquered Philippines, 1564.

Louisiana. 1643 French LaSalle claims. 1719 Mississippi Company. 1762 England cedes to Spain. 1801 France (San Ildefonso Treaty). 1803 US purchase. 1812 18th State.

Loyola, St. Ignatius. 1491-1556. Spanish soldier, founder of ascetic Jesuit Order, army of God working directly for the Pope. Spiritual Exercises 1548.

Luxembourg. 1C BC Rome. 459 Franks. 963 Independent county «Holy Roman Empire. 1354 Duchy. 1443 Burgundy. 1472~1795 Hapsburg. 1555 Spanish. 1684 French. 1697 Spanish. 1714 Austrian. 1795 French. 1815 Dutch «German Confederation. 1839 Belgian(W)/Autonomous. 1867 Independent neutral. 1914-18, 1940-44 German occupation. 1948 Neutrality ends.

MacArthur, Douglas. 1880-1964. US Pacific Allied commander, WWII. Commanded Japanese occupation. Led UN forces in Korean War.

Madeira. 1418 Portugal discovers. 1580 Spanish. 1640 Portugal.

Madras Mutiny. 1809. European officers vs British East India Co.

Mahayana. 1C-. Liberal Buddhist doctrine of China, Japan, Korea, Tibet. Bodhisattva.

Maine. 1898. US battleship destroyed at Havana. Excuse for Spanish American War.

Maipú, Battle. 1818. Spanish loss. Chile Independent.

Maistre, Joseph de. 1753-1821. French moralist for Christianity, Absolutism vs progress. Spanish Inquisition 1837.

Malplaquet, Battle. 1709. Marlborough defeats French in war of Spanish Succession.

Manchukuo. 1932-45. Japanese puppet state in Manchuria under P’u-i. Manchu.

Manifest Destiny. 1840s. Justified US expansionism.

Manuel I. 1469-1521. Portuguese king 1495-. Overseas expansion and trade.

March First Movement. SAMIL. 1919 Korean demonstration for independence from Japan.

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