Thackeray, William. 1811-1863. English novelist. Vanity Fair 1849. Sentimental and cynical moralist.

Theodore, St. c602-90. Archbishop of Canterbury; organized English church.

Thistlewood, Arthur. 1774-1820. English failed Cato St Conspiracy.

Thomas, Sydney. 1850-85. English metallurgist.

Thomson, Joseph. 1856-1940. English discoverer that cathode rays are electrons 1897.

Tippett, Michael. 1905-98. English experimental composer.

Tolkien, JRR. 1892-1973. English philologist, fantasy novelist. Lord of the Rings 1954.

Tolls. 1109, Elbe River. 1264, English roads.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

Tostig. -1066. Brother of English Harold II. Aided William the Conqueror and Norway’s Harold III invasions of England.

Townshend Act. 1767-70. Reasserted English authority in American colonies. Import duties.

Toynbee, Arnold. 1852-83. English economist, social reformer on behalf of the working class. The Industrial Revolution 1884.

Toynbee, Arnold J. 1889-75. English historian on the cyclicality of civilizations. Study of History 1934-61.

Trevithick, Richard. 1771-1833. English inventor of high pressure steam engine. Locomotive 1803.

Trollope, Anthony. 1815-82. English Realist Victorian novelist of ordinary people, religious and political life: Phineas Finn. Barchester Towers 1857. 46 novels.

Troyes, Treaty. 1420. Recognized English claim to French throne. Resisted by Dauphin.

Tudor Architecture. c16C. English late Gothic style. Timber frame construction. Renaissance influenced decoration. Elizabethan.

Turing, Alan. 1912-54. English mathematician, logician. Early computer theorist. Morphogenesis. Collosus. Bletchley Park.

Turner, Joseph. 1775-1851. English Romantic landscape painter. Original use of color. Reflections on water. Mature style more abstract. Snowstorm 1812. Rain, Speed, Smoke 1844.

Turpin, Dick. 1706-39. Romanticized English highwayman. Mythical York-London ride.

Tyler, Wat. -1381. Led English Peasants’ Revolt vs taxation 1381. Executed.

Tyndale, William. 1494-1536. English Protestant martyr. First English language bible.

Udall, Nicholas. c1505-56. English dramatist.Ralph Roister Doister 1553. First English secular play, comedy.

Uniformity, Act of. 1549. Established English Prayer Book, catechism for Anglican worship. 1553 Repealed. 1559 Reenacted. 1662 Deprived Nonconformists of living.

Union Jack. 1606. English St. George (red cross) + Scottish St. Andrew (white diagonal). 1801 + Irish St. Patrick (red diagonal).

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