EFTA. European Free Trade Association. 1960. Free trade with EEC: Austria, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Switzerland. Until joining EEC: Denmark, Portugal, UK.

Emancipation Act. 1833. Freed slaves in British Empire.

Emancipation Edict. 1861. Freed Russian serfs. Gave land allotment, paid by loans.

Emancipation Proclamation. 1863. Lincoln frees all slaves in Confederacy.

Existentialism. Philosophy. Existence is concrete. Man has choice. Responsibility, freedom. Anti-conformism. Kierkegaard. Sartre. Heidegger.

Farouk I. 1920-65. Egyptian king 1936-52. Vs Wafd. Coup by Nasser-led Free Officers.

Four Freedoms. 1941. Goals of Allies set forth by Roosevelt. Freedom: of expression, worship; from want, fear.

Free Enterprise. Capitalist economic doctrine of a market free from government control.

Free French. French vs Germany after fall of France 1940. Opp. by Vichy government. DeGaulle.

Free-Soil Party. 1848-54. US anti-slavery party. Van Buren.

Free Trade. International commerce free from duties, government restriction or discrimination. Smith.

Free Will. Philosophies which allow that man can more or less determine his own destiny. Fatalism.

Freedmen. Released slaves in Rome, Athens, US South.

Freedmen’s Bureau. 1865-72. US agency to help freed slaves during Reconstruction.

Freemasons. Secret fraternal organization based on guilds, chivalry, religious orders. 1717 London Grand Lodge.

Friedman, Milton. 1912-. Monetarist economist. Demand is mainly a function of money supply. Keynes. Laissez-faire. Capitalism and Freedom 1962.

Gabon. Mpongwe. 1485 Portugal. 1839 France 1889 «Congo. 1910 French Equatorial Africa. 1940 Free France. 1946 French Territory. 1960 Independent republic.

General Strike. UK 1926, TUC supports miners for 9 days. Belgium 1893, 1902, for male suffrage. Sweden 1909, vs wage freeze for 1 month.

German-Soviet Pact. 1939-41. Nonaggression agreement. Divided Poland, Baltic between USSR/Germany. Left Hitler free to invade Poland, starting WWII.

Glasnost. Openness. Gorbachev’s policy to promote freedom of expression, reduce secrecy.

Hegel, G.W.F. 1770-1831. German Idealist philosopher: Dialectical Reasoning: thesis vs antithesis = synthesis. Dialectical Materialism. “Universe is evolving from first cause toward self awareness and freedom. In man, God becomes aware of Himself”. Phenomenology 1806. Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1817. Philosophy of History 1830.

Helsinki Accords. 1975. Human rights, freedom, co-operation. Reduced East-West tensions.

Home Rule Bill. 1914 Separate Irish Parliament. 1920 Government of Ireland Act. Irish Free State.

Homestead Acts. 1862 US grants 160 acres free to 5yr settlers. 1885 NZ, 1893 W. Australia grant free land to immigrants. Canada 160 acres for $10..

Hume, David. 1711-76. Scottish empiricist philosopher and historian: On Human Nature 1739. Free-will. Behaviour results from innate character. God cannot be proved by reason, but we must believe in Him.

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