Manhattan Project. 1942-5. Developed US Atomic Bomb.

Mann, Thomas. 1875-1955. German/US novelist. Opposed Nazism. Buddenbrooks 1900. Magic Mountain 1927. Death in Venice 1929. Dr Faustus.

Maori. Polynesian people of New Zealand. Migrated before 800 AD (1150 by their legend).

Marcel, Gabriel. 1889-1973. French Existential philosopher. Experience more important than metaphysics.

Marcus Aurelius. 121-180. Roman Emperor 161-. Stoic philosopher. Meditations. Repelled invasions. Persecuted Christians.

Marcuse, Herbert. 1898-1979. German/US radical philosopher. Revolutionary change vs repressive society. One Dimensional Man 1964.

Marie de Medici. 1573-1642. Queen consort to Henry IV, mother of Louis XIII. Regent 1610-14. Built Luxembourg Palace. Opposed Richelieu. Banished 1630. Died penniless.

Marlowe, Christopher. 1564-93. English dramatist: Tamerlane 1586. Dr. Faustus 1588-92. Edward II. May have written some of Shakespeare.

Married Women’s Property Act. 1882. UK. Abolished women’s property passing automatically to husband on marriage.

Marseillaise. French national anthem, by Rouget de Lisle, 1792. Named for volunteer militia who adopted song on march to Paris.

Marshall Plan. 1948-52. European Recovery Program. US supplied $12B goods, loans, grants. Rejected by COMECON as ’dollar imperialism’.

Marsilius of Padua. c1282-1343. Italian political philosopher. -“political power comes from the people”.

Martin, St. c316-97. Bishop of Tours. Introduced monasticism to France. French patron saint.

Martin I, St. Pope 649-55. Convoked Lateran Council to debate Monothelitism.

Martin V. 1368-1431. Pope 1417-. Election ended Great Schism.

Marx, Karl. 1818-83. German socialist philosopher: Communist Manifesto 1848. Das Kapital 1867. Dialectical Materialism. Marxism.

Masaccio, Tomaso. 1401-28. Florentine fresco painter. Introduced Humanism-man vs God central theme, proportion, perspective. Baptism of Peasants 1427.

Massenet, Jules. 1842-1912. French opera composer. Manon. Le Cid 1885.

Maugham, W. Somerset. 1874-1965. British cosmopolitan Humanist writer. Of Human Bondage 1915. Short Stories. Moon and Sixpence 1919.

Maximilian I. 1756-1825. Bavarian king 1806-. Allied with Napoleon. Consolidated Bavaria. Opposed German unification.

Maximilian II. 1811-64. Bavarian king 1848-. Tried to create a Bavarian-led alliance. Opposed by Prussia, Austria.

Mazowiecki, Tadeusz. 1927-. Polish Prime Minister 1989. First non-communist Prime Minister in Eastern Europe in 40 years.

Mead, Margaret. 1901-78. US anthropologist. Coming of Age in Samoa 1928.

Medici. Merchant family. Ruled Florence 1434~1737. Patron of Italian Renaissance arts. Catherine. Marie. Popes Leo X, Clement VII, Leo XI.

Medusa. Gorgon. Hair of snakes. Gaze turned people to stone.

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