Helvétius, Claude-Adrien. 1715-71. French Materialist philosopher. All actions based on self-interest. De l’ésprit 1758.

Hennepin, Louis. 1626-1701. Missionary explorer of Great Lakes. First European to Niagara Falls.

Henry V. 1086-1125. German king 1106-, Holy Roman Emperor 1111-. Imprisoned pope 1111, ending investiture controversy. Concordat of Worms.

Heracleitus. c540-480BC. Greek philosopher. ’The only permanent thing is change.’ Fire is basis of matter.

Herald. Medieval officer who conveyed messages between opposing leaders.

Herbert, Victor. 1859-1924. Irish/US operetta composer. Babes in Toyland 1903.

Herophilus. c335-280BC. Greek “Father of Anatomy”.

Hershey, Milton. 1857-1945. US chocolate maker and philanthropist.

Heyerdahl, Thor. 1914-2002. Norwegian anthropologist. Expeditions: Kon-Tiki 1947, Ra II 1969.

Hippolytus, St. c170-235. Italian martyr. First Antipope, 217-.

Historia Regum Britanniae. c1135. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s history of Britain from legendary founding. Popularized legends of King Arthur.

Hobbes, Thomas. 1588-1679. English Materialist Determinist philosopher. Nominalist. Royalist. Good is that which brings pleasure; evil, pain. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Elements of Law 1640. Leviathan 1651.

Holbach, Paul, Baron d’. 1723-89. French Materialist philosopher and Encyclopaedist.

Holocaust. 1939-45. Nazi killing of of Jews, minorities, opponents and POWs in concentration camps. Final Solution. 5.8 million Jews and 5-11 million non-Jews.

Holy Alliance. 1815. Russia, Prussia, Austria ally to preserve Christian principles, peace and monarchies. All European rulers but 3 joined.

Holy Leagues. 1495 Repelled French invasion of Italy. 1511 Forced France from Italy. 1520 Spanish cities vs HRE. 1526 Failed to force HRE from Italy. 1538 Opposed Schmalkaldic League. 1571 vs Turks. 1576 Opposed Protestantism in France. 1609 vs Protestant Union. 1684 vs Ottomans.

Honduras.<6000BC Inhabited. 4C Mayan. 1502 Columbus discovers. 1524 Spanish settle. 16C Slaves brought. 1821 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1838 Republic. >100 coups.

Honorius I. Pope 625-638. Condemned posthumously as heretic. Infallibility questioned.

Hoover, Herbert. 1874-1964. US President 1929-33. Hoover Dam. St. Lawrence Seaway. Opposed direct federal aid to unemployed during Depression.

Hope, Thomas. 1769-1831. English Regency furniture designer and author.

Hope Hawkins, Anthony. 1863-1933. English author. Prisoner of Zenda 1894.

Hopkins, Frederick. 1861-1947. English vitamin discoverer.

Hopkins, Gerald Manley. 1844-89. English poet.

Hopper, Edward. 1882-1967. US realist painter. Nighthawks 1942.

Hopper, Grace. 1906-92. US Admiral. Pioneer computer programmer 1944. “Debugged” Mark I by removing moth.

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