Etruscans. Asian people in Tuscany 8C BC. Taken by Rome, 4-3C BC. Skilful metal workers. Strong navy, merchant traders. Tarquins.

EU. European Union.

Eucken, Rudolf. 1846-1926. German philosopher: personal ethics are more important than intellectual idealism.

Euler, Leonhard. 1707-83. Swiss mathematician. Calculus, optics. Analytic geometry.

Europa. Daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, raised by Zeus (Jupiter). Minos’ mother.

Europe, Council of. 1949-. To protect common heritage, human rights and harmonize legislation by replacing bilateral treaties.

European Community. 1967 European Union.

European Defence Community. 1950-54. Failed attempt at continental army.

European Parliament. 1958 Assembly. 1979 Legislature. 1993 Legislative Assembly of European Union.

European Union. 1958 European Economic Community (EEC) of Belgium, France, W Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands. To integrate economic development of members. 1967 =European Community (EC). 1973 +UK, Ireland, Denmark. 1981+Greece. 1985 -Greenland. 1986 +Spain, Portugal. 1990 +former E Germany. 1993 =European Union (EU). Maastricht Treaty. European Parliament. European Court of Justice.

Existentialism. Philosophy. Existence is concrete. Man has choice. Responsibility, freedom. Anti-conformism. Kierkegaard. Sartre. Heidegger.

Eyck, Jan van. c1389-1441. Flemish realist painter. Ghent altarpiece 1432. Developed use of oils.

Ezekial. 6C BC. Hebrew prophet.

Farinelli, Carlo. 1705-82. Italian castrato soprano.

Faust(us). c1540 German necromancer/astrologer who is said to have sold his soul to the devil. Goethe, Marlowe tragedies.

Favre, Jules. 1809-80. French statesman. Opposed Napoleon III.

Felix, St. -818. Spanish Adoptionist.

Ferdinand II of Aragon. 1452-1516. Unified Spain with Isabella. Equipped Columbus. Expelled Moors and Jews. Began Inquisition.

Festival of Federation. 14 July,1790. Celebration of first anniversary of Storming the Bastille. 300,000 people.

Feuerbach, Ludwig. 1804-72. German philosopher. God is illusion. Immortality of man is only through works and offspring. Thoughts on Death 1830.

Fichte, Johann. 1762-1814. German Nationalist Idealist philosopher. Influenced Totalitarianism. Addresses to the German Nation 1807-8.

Ficino, Marsilio. 1433-99. Italian philosopher. Translated Greek classics to Latin. Theologia Platonicum 1482.

Field of Cloth of Gold. 1520. Kings of France and England meet near Calais to propose alliances.

Fifteen Years War. 1591-1606. Austria vs Turkey over Transylvania. Stopped Turkish expansion in Europe.

First Coalition. 1792. European countries opposed to French Revolution.

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