Barbarossa, Operation. 1941. German invasion of USSR.

Bardeen, John. 1908-91. US developer of transistor 1948 with Shockley. . BCS superconductivity 1957.

Baroque Art. 1600-1750. Orig in Italy, spread across W. Europe. Architecture: Ornate style characterized by stucco, frescoes, rood screens. Vanbrugh. Bernini’s Barberini Palace. Music: Counterpoint vs Renaissance polyphony. Opera, cantata. Bach. Monteverdi. Vivaldi. Painting: Dynamic, emotional. Caravaggio. Reni. Rubens.Van Dyck. Rococo.

Barrackpore Mutiny. 1824. Indian troops vs British commanders. Troops massacred.

Barton, Elizabeth. 1506-34. Maid of Kent. Executed for prophesy against Henry VIII marrying Anne Boleyn.

Basel, Council. 1431-49. Conciliarism vs Papal Authority. Felix V appointed Antipope.

Basque. Europe’s oldest racial group. NW Spain, SW France. Euzkadi. ETA.

Bassi, Agostino. 1773-1856. Italian microscopist: contagion by microbes.

Bateau-Lavoir. 1900. Paris birthplace of cubism (Picasso, Braque) and modern poetry (Jacob, Apollinaire, Orlan). Desmoiselles d’Avignon.

Batista, Fulgencio. 1901-73. Authoritarian Cuban right-wing dictator 1933-4, 52-8. Toppled by Castro.

Bauhaus. 1919-33. German art institute. ’Arts and sciences should cooperate in architecture’ -Gropius.

Bavarian Succession, War. (Potato War). 1778-9. Prussia stops Austria from taking over Bavarian land ceded to it.

Beatles. 1960-71. Liverpool pop group.

Becket, St. Thomas à. 1118-70. Archbishop of Canterbury 1162-, murdered in Cathedral by Henry II’s knights.

Bedlam. (Bethlehem Royal Hospital). 1247-1815. Bishopsgate asylum.

Beethoven, Ludwig van. 1770-1827. German composer expressing emotions in music. Tone poet. Developed form and structure. “The Shakespeare of music”. 9 Symphonies. Eroica 1804. 5th 1807. 9th 1824.

Bellamy, Edward. 1850-98. US Utopian novelist. Looking Backward 2000-1887, 1888.

Bellarmine, St. Robert. 1542-1621. Italian Jesuit defender of RC church vs Protestantism, Copernican theory, heretics. Galileo.

Bellerophon. Pegasus’ rider, destroyed the Chimera.

Bellini, Vincenzo. 1801-35. Italian Romantic opera composer. Norma 1831.

Benedict XIII. c1328-1423. Antipope 1394-1417. Great Schism.

Benedict XIV. 1675-1758. Pope 1740-. Promoted arts, learning during Enlightenment.

Bengal Famine. 1770. 1/3 of population died. No British aid.

Bengal Partition. 1905-11. Split for administrative ease. Creates nationalistic opposition.

Benin.1625 Abomey kingdom = Dahomey. 1892 France. 1895 French West Africa. 1959 Autonomous. 1960 Independent =Dahomey. 1975 =People’s Republic of Benin.

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