John III. 1629-96. King of Poland 1674-. “Champion of Christendom” saved Vienna from Turks 1683.

John V. 1332-91. Byzantine Empire 1341~91. Tried to unite East-West Schism to fight Turks.

Johnson, Amy. 1903-41. Pioneer British airwoman.

Joseph I. 1678-1711. Holy Roman Emperor 1705-. Supported Charles VI vs France in War of Spanish Succession.

Joseph II. 1741-90. Holy Roman Emperor, 1765-. Enlightened despot. Edict of Tolerance. Dominated by mother, Maria Theresa -1780.

Julian the Apostate. 331-63. Roman Emperor 361-. Proclaimed religious toleration. Attempted to make Paganism the state religion.

Juno. Roman goddess of women and marriage. = Hera. Frigg.

Jupiter. (Jove). Roman chief god. = Zeus.

Justinian. 483-565. Eastern Roman Emperor, conquered Africa and Italy. Codified Roman law 529. Closed all non-Christian schools, beginning Dark Ages. Nika Riot. Corpus Juris Civilis. Hagia Sophia. Digest 553. Ulpian.

Juvenal. c60-127. Romanic stoic poet: Satires.

Kant, Immanuel. 1724-1804. German Romantic philosopher. Free-will. Inherent moral nature implies “Transcendental” world of freedom. Although the mind builds internal maps of sensory perceptions, we do not know what the world is really like. -“moral imperative = human diginity”. On Heaven 1755. Critique of Pure Reason 1781. Critique of Practical Reason 1788. Critique of Judgement.

Keats, John. 1795-1821. English Romantic sensuous lyric poet: Odes 1819, Isabella.

Knights of Columbus. 1882-. US RC men’s lay organization.

Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty. 1774. Ottomans restore Black Sea ports to Russia. Independent Crimea.

Kulturkampf. c1871-87. Bismarck tries to control Roman Catholic Church. Accomodation reached.

Labienus, Quintus. -39BC. Roman general. Defeated Parisii, 52BC.

Ladislaus III. 1424-44. Polish King 1434-. Ladislaus V of Hungary 1440-. Led 2 crusades vs Turks.

Lamartine, Alphonse de. 1790-1869. French Romantic poet. Méditations Poétiques 1820.

Lammenais, Félicité de. 1782-1854. French RC priest. Liberal writer influenced Christian Democrats. Paroles d’un Croyant 1833.

Lares. Roman gods of households and fields.

Lateran Councils. Roman Catholic church councils. 1123,39 vs Schism of Arnold of Brescia. 1179 Crusade vs Albigens. 1215 Crusade. 1512-17 Reform.

Latins. Latium tribe. Includes Romans.

Lebanon. 25C BC Phoenicia. 6C BC Persia. 332 Alexander. 64BC Rome. 5C Byzantine. 7C Moslems, Maronite Christians. 11C Druse(S). 1516 Ottoman. 1861 Christian autonomy under Ottomans. 1920 French mandate. 1926 Republic under France. 1943 Independent republic. 1975-91 Civil war.

LeBougre, Robert. First Inquisitor of HRE, appointed by Gregory IX 1231.

Legion. Roman army unit of 4-6,000 men.

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