Casanova, Giovanni. 1725-98. Venetian womanizer, famous for his amorous adventures. Memoirs 1787.

Catalan. Romance language of Andorra, NE Spain, SW France.

Catiline. 109-62BC. Roman patrician who conspired against Cicero and the Senate.

Cato, Marcus. 234-149BC. Roman statesman, censor, writer. Opposed Greek influence.

Catolacus. 1C Roman settlement in Paris quarter of St-Denis.

Catullus, Gaius. c87-54BC. Roman lyric poet: Lesbia.

Catulus, Gaius. 3C BC. Roman General. Defeated Carthage. Ended First Punic War.

Ceausescu, Nicolae. 1918-89. Repressive Romanian dictator, 1965-. Advocated independence from USSR and western ties. Economic policy led to food, energy shortages. Overthrown and executed.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

Centre Party. 1871-1933. German Roman Catholic political party.

Ceres. Roman goddess of growth. = Demeter.

Chalcedon, Council. 451. Clarified orthodox Catholic beliefs. Sees of Rome and Byzantium established. Christ’s dual nature.

Châlons, Battle. 451. Attila’s westward conquest stopped by Visigoths and Romans.

Charlemagne. c742-814. King of France 768-. Restored Western Roman Empire, 800.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

Chateaubriand. 1768-1848. French Romantic writer: d’Atala 1801. Memoirs d’outre-tombe.

Chatterton, Thomas. 1752-70. English poet. Forerunner of Romantics. Suicide.

Christian X. Danish king 1912-47. Symbol of Danish Resistance. Imprisoned by Nazis 1943-5. Women’s vote 1915. Independent Iceland 1918.

Cicero, Marcus. 106-43BC. Roman orator. Opposed Caesar and Antony. Executed. De Re Republica 54-51BC.

Cincinnatus. 5C BC. Roman hero and statesman.

Cinna, Lucius. c84BC. Roman consul. Killed Sulla’s supporters. Assassinated.

Cistercians. 1098-. RC monastic order. Rigorous rule. Trappist vows of silence 1664.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Classicism. Art and architecture in imitation of Greek and Roman styles. Neoclassical.

Claudius I. 10BC-54AD. Roman Emperor 41-. Added Britain to empire.

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