Vietnam. Annam. 209BC Nam Vet kingdom. 111BC China. 2C Funan, 939 Independent. Khmer, Cham, Mongol invasions repelled. 1407 Ming. 1867 France (S). 1883 Tonkin, Annam French protectorates(N). 1940 Japanese occupy. 1945 Independent. 1946-54 French Indochina War. 1954 Communist Democratic Republic (N). 1955 Republic (S). 1962 Vietnam War. 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1987 Economic liberalization. 1995 US recognition.

Vigeland, Gustav. 1869-1943. Norwegian sculptor depicting man’s struggle for life. Frogner Parken.

Virchow, Rudolf. 1821-1902. German pathologist, anthropologist. Applied microscope to medical research. Cellular pathology 1858.

Voltaire, François. 1694-1778. French philosopher vs tyranny, bigotry, cruelty. Challenged accepted beliefs. Quotations became revolutionary slogans. Lettres Philosophique 1734. Candide 1758.

Wallis, John. 1616-1703. English mathematician. Calculus, cryptography. Infinitesimals 1655.

Walther von der Vogelwelde. 1170-1230. German lyric poet.

Washington, Treaty. 1871. Britain/US recognize Canada, regulate Great Lakes navigation.

Watson, John. 1878-1958. Founded Behaviourism 1914. Separated psychology from philosophy.

Weber, Max. 1864-1920. German sociologist. Prostestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism 1930.

Webster, Noah. 1758-1843. US lexicographer. Simplified American spelling. Speller 1783. Dictionary 1828.

Wendover, Roger of. English historian. Flores Historiarum 1235 recorded Godiva’s ride.

Wertheimer, Max. 1880-1943. German/US. Studies of perception influenced Gestalt psychology. Köhler.

Westphalia, Peace of. 1648. Conclusion of the Thirty Years War between Germany, France, and Sweden and Spanish-Dutch 80 Years War. Formal recognition of Swiss independence. Dutch independence. HRE weakened. Religious toleration. Confirmed Augsburg.

Weyden, Rogier van der. c1400-64. Flemish religious painter. Adoration of Child 1462.

Williams, Roger. c1603-83. English Calvinist founder of Rhode Island, Providence 1636. Introduced separation of church, state.

Winckelmann, Johann. 1717-68. German archeologist, art historian. History of Art of Antiquity 1764. Modern archeology.

Winckler, Hugo. 1863-1913. German archaeologist. Discovered Hittite cuneiform tablets.

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1889-1951. Austrian/English linguistic philosopher: Philosophical Investigations 1953. Logical Positivism 1921.

Woolf, Virginia. 1882-1941. English psychological stream of consciousness writer. Captured transience and subtlety of thought. Bloomsbury Group. Mrs Dalloway 1925. To the Lighthouse 1927. Waves 1931.

Woolley, Leonard. 1880-1960. English archeologist. Excavated Ur. Found evidence of Great Flood.

WPA. Works Progress Administration. 1935-43. Employed 8.5M on public works in US during Depression.

Wundt, Wilhelm. 1832-1920. German “father of” experimental psychology 1858.

Yoga. Hindu and Buddhist system of meditation, breathing and exercise to achieve spiritual enlightenment.

Yogacara. 2C- Mahayana meditative Buddhism. Only consciousness is real.

Zeno of Elea. Paradox: Arrow can never reach its target because it progresses in ever decreasing fractions of distance remaining. ½,¼... First use of dialectic reasoning.

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