Garfield, James. 1831-81. American Civil War general, US President 1881. Assassinated.

Garter, Order of. c1348. First Order of British Knighthood. Founded by Edward III. “Honi soit qui mal y pense”. Shame on him who thinks evil of it.

Gaveston, Piers. c1284-1312. English regent during absence of Edward II. Executed by barons.

Gempei War. 1180-5. Japanese civil war. Established Kamakura shogunate.

Genêt, Edmond. 1763-1834. French diplomat. Failed to win US support for war vs Britain.

Geneva Convention. 1864. Established humane treatment of war wounded. Sanctioned Red Cross. 1949. Agreements concerning wounded, prisoners, and civilians in war.

Geneva Protocol. 1924. League of Nations. Prohibits chemical and bacteriological warfare.

Gentili, Alberico. 1552-1608. Italian jurist. International laws on the conduct of war.

German-Danish War. 1848. Danes gain Schleswig-Holstein. 1864. Danes lose S-H.

German Democratic Republic. (GDR). 1949-90. East Germany. People’s Republic in Soviet mould. COMECON. Warsaw Pact. 1990 Germany.

Gettysburg. 1863. Lincoln’s address given to dedicate Civil War cemetery. “Four score and seven years ago...Government of the people, by the people, for the people”.

Gettysburg, Battle. 1863. Union victory. Turning point in Civil War.

Ghazigi. “Warriors of the faith”. Ottoman military before Janissaries.

Ghent, Treaty. 1814. Britain, US end Anglo-American War on pre-war conditions.

Ghetto. Jewish area of cities, esp: 1556-1885 Rome; 1239 Valencia; 1462 Frankfurt; 1516 Venice; 1066-1291 Old Jewry, London; 1939 Warsaw.

Gibbon, Edward. 1737-94. English historian. Decline and Fall of Roman Empire 1776-88.

Gilded Age. Post American Civil War period of materialism, questionable ethics. Named by Mark Twain.

Gladiatorial Wars. 73-71BC. Spartacus.

Goliad Massacre. 1836. 350 Texan prisoners by Mexico in War for Independence.

Good Parliament. 1376. Reforms against Edward III. Nullified 1377.

Goya, Francisco. 1746-1828. Spanish painter and engraver of macabre. Horrors of War 1811.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

Grand Army of the Republic. 1866-1956. Political organization of American Civil War veterans.

Grant, Ulysses S. 1822-85. Commander-in-Chief Union army 1864-5 in US Civil War. President 1869-77.

Great Leap Forward. 1958-61. Failed Chinese program for increased output by communes.

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