Tudor. Welsh dynasty. Ruled England 1485-1603.

Tudor, Owen. 1400-61. Welsh. Married Henry V’s widow, Catherine of Valois. Founded Tudor dynasty.

Tudor Architecture. c16C. English late Gothic style. Timber frame construction. Renaissance influenced decoration. Elizabethan.

Tuileries, Storming of. 1792 Massacre of Swiss Guards. King’s authority suspended. French Revolution.

Tuileries Palace. 1563. Architect:Delorme. Commissioned by Catherine de Medici. Stormed 1792. Burned, 1871 by Communards.

Tulsidas. c1543-1623. Indian religious poet. Ramcaritmanas 1574-6. Influenced Hindu culture.

Tunisia. Berber. 12C BC Phoenicia. 814 BC Carthage established. 146BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 534 Byzantine. 698 Moslem = Ifrikiya(...Africa). 1574 Ottoman. 1705 Autonomous. Barbary Pirates. 1881 French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Bourguiba.

Tupac Amaru. c1742-81. Peruvian Indian revolutionary vs Spanish rule 1780-1. Mutilated, drawn, quartered, beheaded.

Turckheim, Battle. 1675. French recapture Alsace from Austria in Dutch War.

Turgenev, Ivan. 1818-83. Russian writer. Fathers and Sons 1862.

Turgot, Robert. 1727-81. French Physiocrat. Finance Minister 1774-6.

Turicum. Ancient name of Zurich.

Turin, Treaty. 1860. Nice, Savoy ceded to France by Piedmont, in exchange for Lomabardy.

Turing, Alan. 1912-54. English mathematician, logician. Early computer theorist. Morphogenesis. Collosus. Bletchley Park.

Turkey. Established 1920 by Treaty of Sèvres from Ottoman Empire. 1923 Republic. Atatürk.

Turkish War. 1714-18. Austria, Russia, Venice vs Turkey. Passarowitz.

Turkmanchay, Treaty. 1828. Persia cedes Armenia, ending Russo-Persian War 1826-8.

Turkmenistan. 4CBC Alexander. 7C Arabs. 13C Golden Horde. 15C Persia/Uzbek. 1881 Russia. 1925 Turkemistan SSR. 1991 Independent. CIS. Niyazov.

Turks. Central Asian tribe. 11-13C came to Middle East. Built Ottoman Empire. Seljuks.

Turner, Joseph. 1775-1851. English Romantic landscape painter. Original use of color. Reflections on water. Mature style more abstract. Snowstorm 1812. Rain, Speed, Smoke 1844.

Turner, Nat. 1800-31. US slave. Led revolt 1831, killing 51 whites. Repressive laws vs slaves enacted.

Turnverein. 1811. German Nationalist gymnastic movement vs Napoleon. Jahn.

Turpin, Dick. 1706-39. Romanticized English highwayman. Mythical York-London ride.

Tuscany. 1000BC Etruscans. 3C Rome = Tuscia. 6C Lombardy. 774 Franks. 12C Independent. 1434 Medici. 1737 Hapsburg-Lorraine. 1800 French Kingdom of Etruria. 1814 Hapsburg. 1849 Republic. 1861 Italy.

Tutankhamen. Egyptian pharaoh 1361-52BC. Restored traditions after Amarna Revolution. Tomb opened 1922.

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