Nguyen van Thieu. 1923-. South Vietnam president 1967-75.

Niagara Falls. Discovered 1678 by French priest Louis Hennepin.

Niagara Movement. 1905-10. US black civil rights movement. NAACP.

Nibelungen. Rich subterranean dwarfs of 12C German epic poem c1200. Basis of Wagner’s Ring.

Nicaea. 4C BC Greco-Turkish city. Now Izmik.

Nicaea, Council. 325. Debate of Athanasius and Arius resolved Nicene Creed, not Easter dates. 787. Temporarily resolved Iconoclasm.

Nicaea, Empire. 1204-61. Byzantine state reconquered Latin Empire to restore Byzantine Empire.

Nicaragua. 1502 Columbus discovers. 1523 Spanish settle. 1821 Mexican Empire. 1826 CAF. 1839 Independent. Sandinistas.

Nicene Creed. 325. Tenets of Christian faith. Interpretation of Trinity, adding filioque led to East-West Schism. Nicaea.

Nicephorus I. -811. Byzantine Emperor 802-. Agreement with Charlemagne led to Empire of the West.

Nicephorus II Phocas. 912-69. Byzantine Emperor 963-. Resurgence of Byzantine power.

Nicholas, St. 4C. Patron Saint of children, sailors, Russia.

Nicholas I. 1796-1855. Czar 1825-. Autocratic. Russification of Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Baltic. Established Third Section. Policy of autocracy, orthodoxy, Nationalism.

Nicholas I. 1841-1921. Prince/King of Montenegro 1860-. Opposed union with Serbia. Deposed 1918.

Nicholas II. 1868-1918. Last Russian Czar 1894-. Russo-Japanese War 1904. 1905 Revolution. Duma. Shot during 1917 revolution.

Nicholas V. 1397-1455. Pope 1447-. Founded Vatican library.

Nicholas of Cusa. 1401-64. German. Proposed heliocentricity, calendar reform 1429. De Docta Ignorantia 1440. “A learned man is one who is aware of his own ignorance.”

Nicholas of Flue, St. 1417-87. Model of compromise, reunited Swiss, 1481.

Nicias. -413BC. Athenian commander. Syracuse siege.

Nicias, Peace. 421BC. Pause in Peloponnesian War.

Nicodemus. Jewish elder. Helped bury Jesus.

Nicopolis, Battle. 1396. Turks crushed Crusaders. Ended European opposition to Ottoman expansion into Balkans.

Nicot, Jean. 1530-1600. French diplomat who first imported tobacco 1550.

Niemeyer, Oscar. 1907-. Brazilian architect: Brasilia.

Niemöller, Martin. 1892-1984. German theologian. Opposed Nazis.

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