Malory, Thomas. 1430-71. English writer: Morte darthur c1470.

Malpighi, Marcello. 1628-94. Italian physician. Early microscopic anatomy. Malpighi skin layer.

Malplaquet, Battle. 1709. Marlborough defeats French in war of Spanish Succession.

Malraux, André. 1901-76. French novelist. La Condition Humaine 1933. Museum Without Walls 1967.

Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Malta, Knights of. 1530-1798. Knights of St. John.

Malthus, Thomas. 1766-1834. English economist, warned population would exceed food supply. Essay on Population 1798.

Malus, Étienne. 1775-1812. French physician. Discovered polarized light 1808.

Malvinas Is. Argentine name for Falkland Is.

Mameluks. Egyptian slave bodyguards who formed 1250-1382 Bahrite, 1382-1517 Burjite dynasties. Overthrown by Turks. Ali Pasha.

Man, Isle of. 5C Celtic. 9C Norse. 800 Tynwald. 1266 Scotland...England. 1828 Crown possession.

Man in the Iron Mask. Anonymous Bastille prisoner 1698-1703.

Manchester School. 19C British free-trade movement. Cobden.

Manchu. 1644-1912. Chinese dynasty.=Ch’ing. 1682 united China.

Manchukuo. 1932-45. Japanese puppet state in Manchuria under P’u-i. Manchu.

Manchuria. 926 Khitan Empire. 1234 Mongol. 1644 Manchu. 1898 Port Arthur. 1932 Manchukuo. 1946 China.

Mancini, Pasquale. 1817-88. Italian Risorgimento leader, statesman. Triple Alliance 1882.

Mandaeanism. Persian Gnostic sect revering John the Baptist. Fertility worship.

Mandarin. Chinese official. Chinese dialect.

Mandate, League of Nations. Territory controlled by outside power. E.g. ex-German colonies, non-Turkish ex-Ottoman lands. 1946- UN Trusteeship.

Mandela, Nelson. 1918-. South African anti-Apartheid ANC leader. Jailed 1962-90. President 94-99.

Mandeville, John. 14C. English author. Travels of John Mandeville, Knight 1356.

Manet, Édouard. 1832-83. French Pre-Impressionist painter. Olympia 1863. Déjeuner sur l’herbe 1863, triggered Impressionism. Folies-Bergères 1882. Monet.

Manfred. 1232-66. Sicilian king 1258-. Opposed papal authority.

Manhattan Project. 1942-5. Developed US Atomic Bomb.

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