Colonial Wars. 1834-1902. British wars against Sikhs, Burmese, Crimeans, Boers.

Colosseum. 80. Roman amphitheater erected by Vespasian.

Colossus of Rhodes. 280-224BC. 30m bronze statue of Helios. Collapsed during earthquake. A 7 Wonder.

Colt, Samuel. 1814-62. US revolver inventor.

Columba, St. c521-597. Irish monk. Missionary to Scotland.

Columban, St. c543-615. Irish monk. Missionary to France, Switzerland, Italy.

Columbia. US 1981. First reusable spacecraft.

Columbus, Christopher. 1446-1506. Genoese navigator for Spain. Discovered America, 1492. Pinzon.

Combination Acts. 1799, 1800. Britain outlaws trade unions. Repealed 1824.

COMECON. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. 1949-91. USSR and satellites central planning organization.

Comédie-Francaise. Oldest National theatre. Founded by Louis XIV in 1680. Molière.

Comenius, John. 1592-1670. Czech founder of direct method of language education. First use of pictures.

Comic Opera. 18C revolt vs serious opera. Light style, familiar scenes. Italy: opera buffa; Fr: opéra comique; Eng: ballad opera; Ger: singspiel. Orig as intermezzo for opera.

COMINFORM. Communist Information Bureau. 1947-56. Coordinated European party activities.

COMINTERN. Third International 1919-43.

Committee of Public Safety. 1793-5. Ruled France. Robespierre’s reign of Terror.

Commodus. 161-192. Brutal Roman Emperor 177-.

Common Law. Based on precedents derived from reason rather than a code of statutes. Originally English.

Common Market. EEC.

Commonwealth. 1649-60. Government of England after Charles I executed. Cromwell.

Commonwealth. Organized community by consent of governed. Hobbes. Locke.

Commonwealth, British. 1926-. Free association of autonomous countries. Evolved from the British Empire. Statute of Westminster 1931.

Commune. 1789-94. Paris council. Overode the National Assembly by controlling administration.

Commune, Paris. 1871. Revolutionary government formed when Thiers abandoned Paris to Prussians. Crushed 2 months later by McMahon. 20,000 killed.

Communism. Collective ownership of property and industry. Wealth shared according to need. Eventually, “dictatorship of proletariat”.

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