Claus, Santa. = St Nicholas.

Clausewitz, Karl von. 1780-1831. German. On War 1816.

Clausius, Rudolph. 1822-88. German physicist. Entropy.

Clay, Henry. 1777-1852. “Great Pacificator”. US statesman. Missouri Compromise.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. 1850-1901. US-British agree not to colonize Central America. Panama Canal.

Clear Grits Movement. 1848-51. Canadian political movement for representation by population.

Clearance of Scottish Highlands. 1790-1850. Increased sheep farming displaces tenant crofters.

Cleisthenes. Athenian. First democratic constitution 509BC. Introduced ostracism.

Clemenceau, Georges. 1841-1929. French Radical Prime Minister 1917-20. Dreyfus defender. War leader.

Clément, Jacques. 1567-89. Assassinated Henry III of France.

Clement III. Antipope 1080-1100 appointed by Henry IV. Defeated Rome 1084.

Clement V. Pope 1305-14. Moved papacy to Avignon. Dissolved Knights Templar 1312. Prohibited usury.

Clement VII. Antipope 1378-94. Avignon. Election caused Great Schism.

Clement VII. Pope 1523-34. Refused Henry VIII divorce.

Clement VIII. Antipope 1423-29. Ended Great Schism.

Cleomenes I. Spartan King. c521-491BC. Maintained Spartan dominance.

Cleomenes III. -c219BC. Spartan King 235-222. Defeated Achaean League. Lost to Macedonia.

Cleon. -422BC. Athenian leader; advocated Pelop. War.

Cleopatra VII. 69-30BC. Queen of Egypt, lover of Caesar and Antony. Suicide.

Cleopatra’s Needles. c1500BC Thutmose III. Gift of Egypt to Britain, US. Erected London 1878, NY 1881.

Clermont Council. 1095. Proposed first Crusade.

Clinton, Henry. 1738-95. Commander 1778-81. Blamed for British defeat in American Revolution.

Clinton, William J. 1946- US president 1993-2001. Impeached, acquitted over Lewinsky affair. Signed NAFTA. Raised taxes.

Clio. The Muse of history.

Clive, Robert. 1725-74. Conquerer, First British governor of Bengal.

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