Penal Laws. 16C-1829. English persecution of Catholics.

Poor Laws. 1597, 1601, 1834. British parishes to aid poor, establish workhouses, abolish slavery. Replaced 1930-50.

Positivism. Knowledge based on senses alone. Personal knowledge. Natural laws lead to social engineering to secure a happy society. Comte. Mill. Spencer. Logical Positivism.

Poynings Laws. 1494. Irish Parliament Acts put English Laws in effect.

Pufendorf, Samuel von. 1632-94. German historian/jurist. Universal natural laws.

Rights, Bill of. 1689. Established power of British Parliament over taxes, laws, army. Protestant Succession. William and Mary.

Sabbatarians. Christians for strict observance of sabbath by all. Blue Laws.

Social Security. First in Germany: 1883-89. UK 1911; Canada 1927; US 1935-66. Poor Laws. National Insurance.

Stevens, John. 1749-1838. Key to US patent laws 1790. First American locomotive 1825.

Stoicism. 4C BC. Ideal life of restraint, duty, ignoring passions, desires. Mind is a finer subdivision of matter. There are universal natural laws. Founded by Zeno.

Stokes, Whitley. 1830-1909. Irish jurist, revised laws in India.

Ten Commandments. Decalogue. Laws God gave Moses on stone tablets. Fundamental to Judaism/Christianity/Islam. No other gods, idols, swearing. Remember the sabbath. Honor parents. Do not kill, commit adultery, steal, bear false witness, covet.

Thales. c624-546BC. Greek philosopher/scientist. Predicted eclipse, 585. First to enunciate the existence of natural laws of science. Water as basis of all matter. Critical discussion leads to knowledge. Static electricity.

Turner, Nat. 1800-31. US slave. Led revolt 1831, killing 51 whites. Repressive laws vs slaves enacted.

Usury. Maximum interest rates: Rome 50BC: 12%, 529: 8%. Islam 622: 0%. Christian 1311: 0%. England: 1623 8%, 1651 6%, 1713 5%, 1854 eliminated. USA, by State: 5-45%