Cardigan, James Brudenell, Earl of. 1797-1868. British General. Led Charge of the Light Brigade. Tennyson. Crimean War.

Carib. Warlike natives of Amazon Basin. 15C conquered Arawak. Cannibals. Decimated by disease. St Vincent.

Carlist Wars. 1833-9. 1872-6. Carlists.

Carson, Edward. 1854-1935. Irish. Formed Ulster Volunteers to resist Home Rule.

Carthage. 814BC Phoenician colony. Dido. 574BC Independence after Tyre falls. 480BC Republic. 264-146BC Punic Wars. Hannibal. 146BC Rome razes, rebuilds. 439 Vandals plunder. 533 Byzantine. 705 Moslem. Tunis.

Cassander. c354-297BC. Macedonian King. Fought for control after Alexander’s death. Diadochi.

Castillon, Battle. 1453. Final English defeat in the Hundred Years War.

Castro, Fidel. 1926-. Cuban lawyer. Cuban Revolution. Dictator 1959-.

Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty. 1559. Ended Italian Wars. Italy, Savoy to Spain. Calais to France.

Catulus, Gaius. 3C BC. Roman General. Defeated Carthage. Ended First Punic War.

Cavaliers. Royalist partisans in English Civil War.

Chaco War. 1932-5. Paraguay defeats Bolivia’s claim on Gran Chaco. 100,000 dead.

Chain, Ernst. 1906-79. With Florey, purified penicillin.

Châlons, Battle. 451. Attila’s westward conquest stopped by Visigoths and Romans.

Chamberlain, Neville. 1869-1940. English statesman, Prime Minister, 1937-40. Appeasement Policy towards Hitler. Munich Agreement.

Charles I. 1600-49. King of Great Britain and Ireland. 1625-. Attempted to rule without Parliament. Defeated in Civil War. Beheaded.

Charles VI, the Well-beloved. 1368-1422. King of France 1380-. Insanity led to Civil War. Berry.

Chile. Inca/Araucanian. 1520 Magellan discovers. 1540 Spain. 1818 Independent. 1884 +War of Pacific. O’Higgins. Pinochet.

Chinese Civil War. 184 Yellow Turban Rebellion. 1622- Red Hat Rebellion. 1946-9 Communists rebel vs Kuomintang. People’s Republic established.

Chouans. 1793-1815. Breton peasants and smugglers, joined Vendée Royalists.

Chremonidean War. 267-261BC. Unsuccessful rebellion of Athens and Sparta vs Macedonians.

Cimon. c510-451BC. Athenian hero of Persian Wars.

Clare, Gilbert de. 1243-95. Led Barons War, but became Royalist.

Clare, Richard de. 1222-62. Led Barons. Provisions of Oxford.

Clausewitz, Karl von. 1780-1831. German. On War 1816.

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