Marcus Aurelius. 121-180. Roman Emperor 161-. Stoic philosopher. Meditations. Repelled invasions. Persecuted Christians.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

Metaxas, Ioannis. 1871-1941. Greek dictator 1936-. Repelled Italian invasion 1940.

Montenegro. Balkans. 1159 Serbian Empire. 1516 Autonomous, repelling Turk, Serb, Albanian invasions. 1878 Independent. 1910 Kingdom. 1915 Germans occupy. 1918 +Serbia=Yugoslavia. WWII Italy occupies. 1946 Yugoslavia. 1992 +Serbia=Yugoslavia.

Moscow Olympics. 1980. Boycotted by Western nations opposed to Afghanistan invasion.

Mycenaeans. c1600-c1100BC. Greek civilization. Time of Homer’s epics. Late Bronze Age. Ended with Dorian invasion.

Neva, Battle. 1240. Swedish invasion of W Russia defeated.

Panama. 1501 Bastidas discovers. 1510 Spanish settle. 1821 Gran Colombia. 1930 Colombia. 1903 US aided revolt, Independence. 1903-79 US administered Canal Zone. 1989 US invasion restores elected government.

Persian Wars. 490-479BC. Greek city-states repel Persian invasion.

Poitiers, Battle. 732. Charles Martel halts invasion, saving Europe from Moslem rule. 1356. Edward the Black Prince defeats and captures John II. Brétigny Treaty.

Polish Campaign. 1939. German invasion begins WWII.

Poltava, Battle. 1709. Russia defeats Swedish invasion, becomes a power. Northern War.

Quiberon Bay, Battle. 1759. British defeat French navy preventing French invasion of Scotland.

Shapur II. 309-379. Persian king. Halted Roman invasion. Acquired Armenia.

Suslov, Mikhail. 1902-82. Soviet Communist ideologist. Invasions of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan.

Tariq.-c720. Led First Moslem invasion of Spain 711.

Torres Vedras, Lines. 1808-14. Fortifications protect Portugal from French invasion.

Tostig. -1066. Brother of English Harold II. Aided William the Conqueror and Norway’s Harold III invasions of England.

Troubles, Time of. 1604-13. Russian rival claims to throne by 3 “False Dmitris”. Polish Invasion. Romanov elected.

Two Thousand Words. 1968. Czech proclamation supporting Dubcek reforms prompts Russian Invasion.

Valmy, Battle. 1792. French revolutionaries defeat Austria-Prussia invasion.

Vietnam. Annam. 209BC Nam Vet kingdom. 111BC China. 2C Funan, 939 Independent. Khmer, Cham, Mongol invasions repelled. 1407 Ming. 1867 France (S). 1883 Tonkin, Annam French protectorates(N). 1940 Japanese occupy. 1945 Independent. 1946-54 French Indochina War. 1954 Communist Democratic Republic (N). 1955 Republic (S). 1962 Vietnam War. 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1987 Economic liberalization. 1995 US recognition.