Ghirlandaio, Dominico del. 1449-1494. Florentine painter. Frescoes. Birth of the Virgin 1485-90.

Gibran, Khalil. 1883-1931. Lebanese/US philosopher, writer. The Prophet 1923.

Gide, André. 1869-1951. French writer. The Counterfeiters 1926.

Glinka, Mikhail. 1804-57. First important Russian Nationalist composer. A Life for the Czar 1836.

Globe Theatre. 1599-1644. Venue for Shakespeare’s plays, London.

Goddard, Robert. 1882-1945. US “father of modern rocketry”.

Gödel, Kurt. 1906-78. Czech/US logician. Theorem, 1931, asserts that no logical system can prove all its own propositions.

Godwin, William. 1756-1836. English atheist philosopher, author. Anarchism. Cooperation is evil. Things as they Are 1794.

Goethe, Johann. 1749-1832. German writer: Meister’s Apprenticeship 1796. Faust 1808-32. Memories 1809. Sturm und Drang.

Golding, William. 1911-93. English morality novelist. Lord of the Flies 1954.

Gorgias. c400BC. Sophist. “Making the losing cause the winning one.”

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Gramme, Zénobe. 1826-1901. Belgian inventor of the dynamo 1869.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

Grand Army of the Republic. 1866-1956. Political organization of American Civil War veterans.

Grande Gallery of Louvre. Longest gallery in the world, 300m.

Grandfather Clause. -1915. S US states limited vote to those enfranchised by 1866/7.

Grands-Augustins, Quai de. 1313. Oldest quay in Paris, by Philip the Fair.

Greece. c3000BC Minoan(Crete). c1500BC Achaean. 11C Aeolian, Ionian. c1100 Dorian. 683 Athens monarchy. 404 Sparta. 371 Thebes. 338 Macedonia...Alexander. 197BC Rome...Byzantine. 1453 AD Ottoman. 1829 Independent kingdom. 1912 +Crete. 1924 Republic. 1935 Constitutional Monarchy. 1973 Republic. 1981 EEC. 1994 EU.

Greek Project. 1782. Abandoned plan of Catherine the Great to conquer Ottoman Empire.

Greene, Graham. 1904-91. English cinematic thriller writer: Man Within 1929. Power and the Glory 1940. Third Man 1949. Quiet American 1955.

Gregory of Nyssa, St. 335-95. Father of Greek church.

Gregory of Tours, St. c538-94. French bishop. Wrote History of the Franks.

Grillparzer, Franz. 1791-1872. Austrian playwright. The Ancestress 1817. Sappho 1818.

Grimm, Wilhelm. 1786-1859, Jacob 1785-1863. German writers of fairy tales 1812, founders of the German philology.

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