Fichte, Johann. 1762-1814. German Nationalist Idealist philosopher. Influenced Totalitarianism. Addresses to the German Nation 1807-8.

Ficino, Marsilio. 1433-99. Italian philosopher. Translated Greek classics to Latin. Theologia Platonicum 1482.

Filioque. “and from the son” added to Nicene Creed in 6C, causing East-West Schism.

Finsen, Niels. 1860-1904. Danish originator of ultraviolet therapy. Invented U-V bulb.

Fisher, Ronald. 1890-1962. British scientist. Mathematical statistics. Variance.

Five Hundred, Council of. 508BC. Athens’ representative government.

Five Mile Act. 1665. English Nonconformist clergy banned 5 miles from towns where they had preached.

Folies-Bergère. 1869. Paris theater introduced striptease 1894.

Foucault, Léon. 1819-68. Proved rotation of the earth in an experiment at the Pantheon, Paris, 1851. Gyroscope, 1852.

Fouquet, Nicolas. 1615-80. Finance Minister to Louis XIV. Imprisoned for embezzlement after a 3 year trial at The Arsenal 1661-4.

Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine. 1746-1795. Public prosecutor of the Revolutionary Tribunal during Terror. Guillotined.

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Biblical reference to war, famine, death, and Christ, to come at end of world.

Four Noble Truths. Basic Buddhist doctrine. Existence is suffering, suppressed by following the 8-fold path.

Fourier, Jean. 1768-1830. French mathematician/ physicist. Flow of heat 1822. Analysis of cyclical phenomena.

France, Anatole. 1844-1924. French short story writer. The Red Lily 1894.

France, College of. Created by Francis I in 1530 as the 3 Language College: Latin, Hebrew, Greek.

Francesca, Piero della. 1406-92. Italian fresco painter. Story of the True Cross 1465.

Francis I. 1708-65. Holy Roman Emperor, 1745-. Husband of Maria Theresa. Wars of Polish and Austrian Succession.

Francis of Assisi, St. 1182-1226. Founder of the Franciscan order.

Frederick II. The Great. 1712-86. Powerful Prussian king. Siezed Silesia from Austria. Patron of Arts. Liberal internal reforms.

Frederick the Fair. 1286-1330. Fought Louis IV unsuccessfully for German crown 1314-22.

Freedmen. Released slaves in Rome, Athens, US South.

French Revolution. 1789-99. Monarchy overthrown. Republic established 1792. Caused by Absolutism, financial crisis, Enlightenment. Terror. Napoleon. French Revolutionary Wars.

Fresnel, Augustin. 1788-1827. French physicist, wave theory of light 1815. Fresnel lens 1820.

Freyr. Norse god of fertility, sun, rain. Freyia’s brother.

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