Australopithecus. Hominid ancestor to man, discovered in Africa. Lived 1 to 5 million years ago.

Austrian Succession, War. 1740-48. Jenkins Ear and King George’s Wars. Maria Theresa recognized. Francis I becomes Holy Roman Emperor. Prussian power shown. Aix-la-Chapelle Treaty. Silesian War.

Babbage, Charles. 1792-1871. British. Invented Difference Engine, 1823-34 -first computer. Founded British Association for the Advancement of Science 1831, Royal Astronomical Society 1820, Royal Statistical Society 1834.

Babylon, Hanging Gardens. 6C BC. One of Seven Wonders of the World.

Babylonia. c8000BC Tigris-Euphrates Civ’n. 1792-50BC Hammurabi’s emp. c1530 Kassite. 11C Aramaen, Assyrian. 625 Chaldean. 538 Achaemenid. 331BC Alexander.

Bactria. c1500BC Aryan. 545BC Persia. 328BC Alexander. 256BC-140 Graeco-Bactria. Badakhshan. 7C Moslem. 1220 Genghis Khan. Now Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan.

Badakhshan. 255BC-1584. Kingdom in Bactria claiming direct descendance from Alexander the Great.

Bagehot, Walter. 1826-77. English social scientist/ essayist. The English Constitution 1867. Physics and Politics 1872. Lombard St. 1873.

Balakirev, Mili. 1837-1910. Russian composer. Influenced 19C Russian music. Overture on Russian Themes 1897.

Baldwin, James. 1924-87. US writer of black experience. Another Country 1962. Go Tell it on the Mountain 1953.

Bali. c1000 Java. 1596 Dutch discover. 1906 Netherlands. WWII Japan occupies. 1950 Indonesia.

Balkan Wars. 1912-13. Balkan League defeats Ottoman Empire. Turkish territory distributed. General dissatisfaction termed the “powder keg of Europe”.

Balue, Jean. 1421-91. Cardinal, Minister of Louis XI. Plotted with Louis the Bold vs king.

Bancroft, George. 1800-91. “Father of American history”. History of United States 1834-74.

Bannockburn, Battle. 1314. Scots defeat English, assuring independence. Robert the Bruce.

Bantu. Language of 60M natives in Southern Africa.

Banville, Théodore de. 1823-91. French Parnassian poet. Early Symbolist. Odes funambulesques 1857.

Barbara, St. c200. Maiden martyr at father’s hands, who was struck by lightning. Patron St. of artillerymen.

Barbarians. Greek = foreigners. Roman term for Goths, Huns and Vandals who conquered Western Empire 3-6C.

Barbusse, Henri. 1873-1935. French writer: Le Feu (The experiences of a common soldier) 1916.

Barricades, Day of the. 1588. Paris. Catholic League rebels vs Henry III.

Barth, Karl. 1886-1968. Swiss Protestant theologian. Can only understand God through word of Christ.

Bartholdi, Frédéric. 1834-1904. French sculptor of the Statue of Liberty 1886.

Bassano. 1796. Victory of Napoleon over the Austrians.

Bastille. 1370. Paris fortified residence for Charles V, became a state prison, arsenal 1397. Stormed July 14, 1789. Symbolic overthrow of monarch’s power. Lettres de Cachet.

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