Bishops’ Wars. 1639. Scots vs Charles’ Anglicanism. 1640. Covenanters force Charles to call Long Parliament.

Chu Teh. 1886-1976. Commander-in-Chief of Chinese Red Army. Long March.

Comte, Auguste. 1798-1857. French Positivist philosopher. Religion belongs to primitive society. Positivism 1830. Tejada Law.

Exarchate of Ravenna. 6-8C. Part of Italy belonging to Byzantine Empire. Ravenna.

Filibuster. Obstruction of bill passage by prolonged debate in US Senate.

Formigny, Battle. 1450. French artillery defeat English longbow.

Grand Canal. 4C BC-1400. China. World’s longest, 1,000 miles.

Grand Remonstrance. 1641. Grievances presented to Charles I by Long Parliament.

Greco, El. 1541-1614. Greek/Spanish painter. Elongated figures. Assumption 1577. Crucifixion. Toledo c1608.

Hiawatha. 15C Onondaga chief, legendary founder of League of 5 nations. Longfellow.

Kiangsi Soviet. 1931-4. Chinese Communist Provincial government vs Nationalists under Mao. Long March.

Leo XIII. 1810-1903. Pope 1878-. Rerum Novarum 1891: right to private property. Ended opposition to scientific progress. Longest papal rule.

Long March. 1934-5. 100,000 Chinese Communists march from Kiangsi, 6,000 miles to Shensi. Mao became leader. 50,000 die.

Long Parliament. 1640-60. Civil War parliament. Ended Charles I attempt to govern without one.

Longchamp, William. -1197. English Chancellor. Ruled in Richard I’s absence 1190-1. Arranged ransom 1193 ending John’s rebellion.

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. 1807-82. US poet. Evangeline 1847. Hiawatha 1855. Paul Revere’s Ride 1863.

Longinus. 213-273. Greek philosopher. Advised Zenobia to revolt vs Rome. Executed.

Mao Tse-tung. 1893-1976. Chinese Communist leader 1935-. Long March. Cultural Revolution.

Maskeyline, Nevil. 1732-1811. English astronomer. Longitude from moon position 1763. Nautical Almanac 1766.

Modigliani, Amadeo. 1884-1920. Italian/French artist. Elongated necks and simplified figures. Head 1911-12. Recining Nude 1919.

Pilon, Germain. c1537-90. Fench. sculptor. Three Graces 1561.

Pius IX. 1792-1878. Pope 1846-. Longest reign. Defined Immaculate Conception 1854 Papal Infallibility. Syllabus Errorum 1864 criticized Liberalism.

Pym, John. 1583-1643. English Puritan. Led Long Parliament. Civil War.

Shou Hsing. Chinese god of longevity.

St-Germain, Comte de. 1707-84. Won favour of Europe’s courts with “elixir of long life”.

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