Quietism. 1696. Mystic religious movements. Passivity allows communication with God. Hinduism. Sufism. Molinos. Guyon. Fenelon. Soul in passive state is saved by divine spirit.

Quimby, Phineas P. 1802-66. US mental healer by suggestion. Mary Baker Eddy was a patient. Father of New Thought movement.

Realism. 19C art movement concerned with recording everyday life. Courbet.

Reason, Cult of. 1793-5. French Revolution atheist anti-Catholic movement.

Red Shirts. 1930. Non-violent anti-British movement in NW India.

Reform Judaism. 19C. German movement vs Orthodox ritualism.

Reformation. 16C religious movement against practices of Roman Catholic church led to founding of Protestant churches. Luther. Calvin. Knox. Zwingli. Henry VIII.

Regulator Movement. 1764-71. American colonists in NC vs tax, corruption.

Risorgimento. c1800-70 Movement for unified Italy. Young Italy.

Romantic. Literary movement. Nature, spirit and emotion. Subjective. Gothic novel. Hugo, Rousseau, Schiller. Wordsworth. Goethe. Scott.

Romantic Movement. Reaction vs Enlightenment, French cultural domination. Native themes, individuality, subjectivity, self-expression.

Romanticism. 18C Philosophical movement rooted in Pietism. Began in Germany. Spread across Europe in 19C.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Rowlatt Acts. 1919. Suppressed liberties in British India led to Amritsar Riots, Noncooperation Movement.

Scholasticism. 11-14C. Christian movement to reconcile faith, reason. Anselm. Thomas Aquinas. Duns Scotus.

Scientology. 1955-. Religious/scientific movement founded by Hubbard.

Secularism. Humanism. Movement toward “this-worldliness”.

Separatism. 1960-. Quebec movement for political independence from Canada. Referendum defeated 1980, 1995.

Sigurdsson, Jon. 1811-79. Icelandic statesman. Led self-government movement.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Slavophile. 19C Russian intellectual movement. Believed in superiority of Russian culture.

Socialism. 19C-. Movement opposing Liberalism, Capitalism. Advocates equal rights, just distribution of property, well-being of proletariat through reform or revolution. Utopia.

Solidarity. 1980. Polish workers movement led by Walesa. Martial Law 1981-83. Democratic elections 1989.

Stakhanovism. 1935. Soviet movement to increase workers’ output. Rewards for exceeding quota.

Sturm und Drang. 1760-80. German anti-enlightenment literary movement. Goethe. Klinger.

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